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判断谓语动词时态的五条依据

2017-09-27袁潇霞

广东教育·高中 2017年9期

袁潇霞

谓语动词的时态是语法填空和短语改错的必考点,也是考生学习的重点和难点。时态之所以重要,是因为有句子的地方就有谓语动词,凡谓语动词必涉及时态,即每句必有时态,正所谓“与‘时‘句进”。时态本身是千变万化的,可谓一“时”激起千层浪。因此,在平时阅读时要特别留意理解。本文给考生介绍五种判断用哪种时态的方法。

一、根据时间状语

常與一般现在时连用的有always, usually, often, sometimes, every day, once a week等;常与一般过去时连用的有last month, a few days ago, last week,yesterday, just now, the other day, in 1978, then等;常与一般将来时连用的有tomorrow, next week, in a few days, in the future, soon等;常与现在完成时连用的有up to now, until now, in the past / last few years, so far, for three years, since 1980等。请做以下改错题:

1. Last month, Emma Stone is announced as the 2017 Oscar Winner for Actress at the 89th Academy Awards.

[解析]由时间状语Last month可知用一般过去时,故将is改为was。

2. Today it was much easier to be healthy than it was in the past.

[解析]由时间状语Today可知用一般现在时,故改much 前的was为is。

3. Im very pleased to say that all of us improved our spoken English so far.

[解析]由时间状语so far(到目前为止)可知宾语从句应该用现在完成时,故在improved前加一个have。

4. This big event would be held in the school auditorium next week.

[解析]由时间状语next week可知该用一般将来时,故把would改为will。

二、根据时态呼应

如出现状语从句、宾语从句、虚拟语气等,要特别注意主从句时态的呼应。在以when, till/ until, as soon as, by the time, after, before等引导的时间状语从句,在以if, unless, once等引导的条件状语从句和以no matter, however, even if 等词引导的让步状语从句中,如果主句中的动词用一般将来时,从句中的谓语动词通常用一般现在时或现在完成时代替一般将来时或将来完成时。请做以下改错题:

1. I will call you as soon as they will arrive.

[解析]主句是一般将来时,as soon as引导的时间状语从句应用一般现在时,故把第二个will去掉。

2. If I have taken your advice, I would have passed the driving test.

[解析]If 从句是表示与过去事实相反的假设,应当用过去完成时,故把have改为had。

3. What a pity! The film started by the time we got to the cinema.

[解析]根据题意可知电影的开始是在我到达电影院之前就开始了,即过去的过去,start应用过去完成时,故在started前加had。……

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