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基于单目视觉的工业机器人定位系统设计

2017-09-25黄敏高

现代电子技术 2017年18期

黄敏高

摘 要: 在工业化生产流程中,工业机器人能准确识别并抓取目标工件的状态、位置信息,收集反馈给控制系统处理以修正加工程序参量,从而实现制造工艺的高度自动化及精加工。以视觉定位和图像信息收集、处理的工业机器人为对象基准,设计了一套单目视觉定位系统。系统引入了静态图像收集算法、图像信息模块测量和三维空间匹配测量算法,通过工业试验得出测量数据。误差分析结果表明,基于单目视觉的机器人定位系统符合加工自动化的信息数据要求,能实现工件参数和空间姿态间的匹配,辅助提升生产的自动化程度。

关键词: 单目视觉; 机器人定位系统; 图像识别; 工件位姿测量

中图分类号: TN953+.7?34; TP242 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1004?373X(2017)18?0114?03

Design of monocular vision positioning system for industrial robot

HUANG Mingao

(School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Changzhou Vocational Institute of Mechatronic Technology, Changzhou 213164, China)

Abstract: In the industrial production process, industrial robots can accurately identify and grasp the status and location information of the target workpiece and feed the information back to the control system for modifying the processing procedure parameters to realize high automation and finish machining of the manufacturing process. In this paper, a set of monocular vision positioning system is designed by taking industrial robots used for visual positioning and image information collection and processing as the object of reference. The static image collection algorithm, the image information module measurement algorithm, and the 3D spatial matching measurement algorithm are introduced in the system to obtain the measured data from the industrial experiment. The error analysis result shows that the robot positioning system based on monocular vision can meet the information data requirement of processing automation and realize the matching between workpiece parameters and spatial attitudes to improve the degree of automation in production.

Keywords: monocular vision; robot positioning system; image recognition; position and attitude measurement of workpiece

0 引 言

在工業化生产流程中,机器系统的运用是决定生产效率和自动化程度的重要技术手段,而视觉定位技术是机器人领域下的重要拓展工程和新模块,具备极高的科技水平与开发潜能。将定位技术结合机械工程理论,再辅助光学成像和电子图片处理技术应用到大型机械生产中,可快速、精确地实现对目标工件的定位,并抓取目标位姿数据和尺寸参数[1]。系统具备高效、多端兼容、易操作和远距非接触的工程特性和优势,在现代电子制造行业中具备相当广泛的应用前景。但缺点是基于单目视觉测距的定位技术定位特征点较少,数学建模的运算量较大,精确定位成为亟待解决的问题。……

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