文/五花肉

脱胎红泥的茗饮美器

文/五花肉

The Exquisite Teapot Remolding from the Red Clay

“工欲善其事，必先利其器”。大唐盛世伊始，茶饮开始形成有别于食器和酒器的专有器具体系。陆羽的《茶经・四之器》总结了二十四种茶具的标准，“泡茶不走味、贮茶不变色、盛暑不易馊”的紫砂壶，就是其中的佼佼者。

Sharpen your tool before achieve your work. Teaware was distinguished from foodware since Tang Dynasty. Lu Yu developed twenty-four tea utensils standards in Classic of Tea. Among these tea utensils, boccaro teapot is the best, which features outstanding storage performance of keeping tea’s original taste after brewing, keeping tea’s original color, and keeping the tea fresh in hot summer.

实用与艺术兼备Combination of Practicability and Artistry

紫砂壶源于春秋，兴于明清。明代的供春被公认为紫砂壶历史的首位艺术大师，《阳羡茗壶赋》盛赞其“彼新奇兮万变，师造化兮元功，信陶壶之鼻祖，亦天下之良工。”自供春起，历经时鹏、时大彬、元畅等名家推动，紫砂壶艺术的审美标准日臻成熟，深受世人青睐。

Boccaro teapot originated from Spring and Autumn period, and flourished in Ming and Qing dynasties. Gong Chun is widely considered as the first artist of boccaro teapot. Ode to Teapot in Yangxian highly praises him, saying human use the knowledge learnt from the nature to make different types of teapots, the founder of boccaro teapot is also considered as the great master in the world. Established by Gong Chun and developed by a number of famous artists like Shi Peng, Shi Dabin and Yuan Chang, the aesthetic standards on boccaro teapot become more and more mature. As a result, boccaro teapot is favored by people deeply.

传统三法审美Three Traditional Aesthetics Methods

“逸、妙、能”三法源于中国古画，也被视为宋代沿用至今的紫砂壶审美标准。“能”指制壶工艺精湛，兼具实用与美观；“妙”代表了韵律和生动；“逸”则被视为壶艺的最高标准，超脱了实用美观的范畴，进入“道”的境界，形成一种不可名状但能真实体会的艺术美感。

Deriving from ancient Chinese paintings, Yi, Miao and Neng, as the aesthetic standards on boccaro teapot, have been used from Song Dynasty till now. Neng refers to the exquisite pot craftsmanship integrating practicality and beauty; Miao pursues a vivid effect; Yi, the highest standard, is beyond the scope of practicality and beauty, enters into the realm of Tao, and creates an artistic quality which is indescribable but can truly feel.

巅峰“宫廷紫砂”Royal Purple Clay Achieves Craftsmanship's Peak

细数历代紫砂，以清朝“宫廷紫砂”为最。

Throughout the history of purple clay wares, royal purple clay is the best.

清朝皇室首先在宫中创烧“御制”款紫砂胎画珐琅，开启了“宫廷紫砂”烧造，后经历代传承，发展成为皇家气息浓郁的紫砂艺术，堪称紫砂制作的巅峰。

The royal family in Qing Dynasty first made the purple clay-body painted enamel by the emperor order, which started to make the royal purple clay ware. It has been handed down from generation to generation, and has developed as a purple clay art with royal style, which can be called as the peak of purple clay craftsmanship.

“宫廷紫砂”烧造过程极为复杂，由宫廷造办处督制，奉行严格的制作标准：选材必须是产于宜兴的上乘紫砂，定烧素胎，再按照标准流程进行泥绘、描金、髹漆、珐琅彩绘、镌刻等工艺，最后在宫中烧制完成。

The process of making royal purple clay is quite complex. The whole process is under the supervision of workshops in the royal court and must comply with the strict production standards, namely choosing the superior purple clay native to Yixing, burning the clay and shaping the body, and then painting, gilding, lacquering, enameling and engraving, and finally finishing production in the court.

结 语Conclusion

“温润如君子，豪迈如丈夫，风流如词客，丽娴如佳人”，紫砂孕于红泥，成型在工匠巧手之间，最终成就优雅，它是中国茶文化的传承载体，也是华夏民族审美情趣和制作艺术的最佳体现。

Warm as a gentleman, generous as a man, romantic as a versifier, beautiful as a lady, boccaro teaware is a exquisite artwork, which originated from red clay and is shaped by elite craftsman. It is the the carrier of Chinese tea culture, also the embodiment of Chinese national aesthetic standards and craftsmanship.

（支持单位：上海市质量和标准化研究院）