陈青　周珺　姚行成　陈先红　王军

摘 要 采用细沙、表土、椰糠为基质，对橡胶芽接苗生长的影响进行研究。结果表明：接穗生长至1蓬叶，3种培养基质的长势无显著性差异，生长至2蓬叶，椰糠为培养基质与对照接穗长势无显著性差异，二者显著好于表土为培养基质的；椰糠和细沙为培养基质的根系体积和长度显著大于表土为培养基质的，细沙和表土为培养基质的二级根条数多于椰糠为培养基质的。培育橡胶芽接苗可以选择椰糠和细沙作为培养基质，生长至2蓬叶没有必要施用肥料。

关键词 橡胶树 ；芽接苗 ；基质 ；生长

中图分类号 S794.1 文献标识码 A Doi：10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2017.08.003

Abstract Budded plants of rubber tree were cultured on the medium of silver sand， surface soil or coconut coir to observe their growth. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the growth vigor of the budded plants at the stage of one leaf whorl among the three culture media， and no significant difference between the silver sand and coconut coir at the stage of two leaf whorls although these two media were better than the surface soil. The root volume and length of the budded plants cultured in the coconut coir or the silver sand were significantly higher than those in the surface soil， and the seedlings cultured in the silver sand or the surface soil produced evidently more secondary roots than those in the coconut coir. The coconut coir or silver sand could be used as culture medium， and the budded plants did not need to be dressed with any fertilizer until they grow upto two whorls of leaves.

Keywords budded plants ； rubber tree ； culture medium ； growth

橡胶树（Hevea brasiliensis），别称为三叶橡胶树、巴西橡胶树，是大戟科橡胶树属多年生乔本植物，原产于亚马逊森林。中国植胶区主要分布于海南、云南、广东、广西、福建等，其中海南为主要植胶区，是五大工业原料之一。橡胶芽接树是接穗与砧木的嵌合体，互为影响。目前，一般商业栽培生产性的胶园都为芽接树。国内外学者对橡胶树苗期管理培育做了许多研究，大多数是关于苗期水肥管理，也有涉及到不同基质配比对橡胶树生长的影响。据研究，许多植物的基质栽培，主要是来源于沙砾、泥炭、陶粒、珍珠岩、树皮、椰子纤维[1-4]。周珺等[5]研究N、P、K营养含量的调控对橡胶树实生苗生长的影响表明，受到 N、P、K 营养胁迫后，橡胶树实生苗生长受阻，而恢复N、P、K 营养提供，恢复生长。张耀华等[6]和华元刚等[7]在水肥耦合对橡胶苗生物量和根系生长的影响都有研究。……