水库移民农地流转与生计恢复问题及对策研究
2017-09-14李斌曹生国
李斌++曹生国
摘要:根据2008年和2015年对湖北省丹江口水库移民的调查数据,总结水库移民搬迁前后在农用土地的流转规模、流转原因、流转方式、流转规范性等现状方面的特点。分析了农村水库移民土地流转与生计恢复阶段现存的问题,同时提出了完善移民就业与种植技能培训机制、建立土地流转相应机构、培育良好的土地流转机制和利益分配机制等相应对策建议。
关键词:丹江口水库;移民;农地流转;生计恢复;对策研究
中图分类号:F321.1;F224 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2017)16-3174-05
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.16.044
Problems and Countermeasures for Agricultural Land Circulation and Livelihood Recovery of Reservoir Resettlement:Based on A Survey of 21 Resettlement Villages of Danjiangkou Reservoir in Hubei Province
LI Bin1,CAO Sheng-guo2
(1.School of Public Administration,Hohai University,Nanjing 210000,Jiangsu,China;
2.Huaneng Lancang River Hydropower Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650000,Yunnan,China)
Abstract: Based on the 2008 and 2015 survey data of Danjiangkou Reservoir resettlement in Hubei province, the present characteristics of scale, reasons, mode, normalization of agricultural land circulation before and after reservoir resettlement were summarized, and existing problems in the land circulation and livelihood recovery of rural reservoir resettlement were analyzed. Meanwhile corresponding countermeasures and suggestions such as improving employment and skills training mechanism for the immigrants, establishing appropriate land circulation institutions, cultivating reasonable mechanisms for the land circulation and benefit distribution were put forward.
Key words: Danjiangkou Reservoir; resettlement; agricultural land circulation; livelihood recovery; countermeasure research
为保证水库移民搬迁后的居民收入,适合移民生产生活方式,降低移民经济风险与社会风险,有土安置仍是最主流的安置方式之一。土地资源仍然是农村水库移民生产生活中最重要的资源,农业生产依然是水库移民搬迁后生计恢复的主要途径[1]。近年来农村劳动力向城镇转移,劳动力在非农产业的经济效率和收益率逐渐增加,大量劳动力向非农产业转移,水库移民在这样的环境下如何进行土地资源的利用,关系到移民家庭经济收入情况和家庭代际分工情况,土地流转成为移民群体土地利用的一种主流方式[2]。
外出务工移民若未在城镇中获得长久居住的房屋以及谋生手段,一旦年纪较大同时身体健康状况不好时,依然要回到农村,安置区土地将会是其主要经济来源。然而安置区土地在流转过程中也面临很多问题,农业经济发展也存有阻碍,限制着移民群体对土地资源合理利用和分配收益的权利。……
