莫惠芝+殷金岩+许建新

摘 要：屋顶绿化近年来发展非常迅速，市场接受面越来越广，但关于屋顶绿化生态效益定量化研究较少。比较研究了14种简式屋顶绿化植物单位绿化面积和单位生物量的固碳释氧效益，以期了解不同屋顶绿化植物对人居环境的改良作用，为屋顶绿化植物配置提供参考依据。结果表明，单位绿化面积的大花马齿苋、毛马齿苋、紫竹梅、锦绣苋和藓状景天具有很好的固碳释氧效益，固碳量分别为13.75，13.64，12.33，11.15，10.62 g·m-2·d-1，释氧量分别为10.00，9.92，8.97，8.11，7.72 g·m-2·d-1；单位生物量的藓状景天、费菜、锦绣苋、垂盆草和紫竹梅的固碳释氧效益较好，固碳量分别为72.50，65.76，61.17，58.39，48.08 g·kg-1·d-1，释氧量分别为52.73，47.83，44.50，42.46，34.97 g·kg-1·d-1。高效益植物的选择及合理密植，是提高屋顶绿化固碳释氧效益的重要措施。藓状景天、锦绣苋和紫竹梅是屋顶绿化植物配置较好的选择，其次是大花马齿苋及毛马齿苋，玉吊钟固碳释氧效益最差，不应用于屋顶绿化。

关键词：屋顶绿化；生态效益；CO2通量；固碳释氧

中图分类号：S731.5 文献标识码：A DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2017.09.022

Abstract：Roof greening was developing rapidly in recent years， and was becoming more and more popular in the market. But there were less researches about ecological effects of green roof. Study on the capabilities of 14 green roof plants on carbon sequestration and oxygen release per unit of green area and biomass， was to realize the improvement of living environment by different green roof plants， and to provide a reference for the configuration of green roof plants. The results showed that Portulaca grandiflora， Portulaca oleracea， Setcreasea purpurea， Alternanthera bettzickiana， Sedum polytrichoides had better capabilities of carbon sequestration and oxygen release per unit of green area. The daily amounts of carbon sequestration were 13.75， 13.64， 12.33， 11.15， 10.62 g·m-2·d-1， respectively， while oxygen release were 10.00， 9.92， 8.97， 8.11， 7.72 g·m-2·d-1， respectively. Sedum polytrichoides， Sedum kamtschaticum， Alternanthera bettzickiana， Sedum sarmentosum， Setcreasea purpurea were better per unit of biomass. The daily amounts of carbon sequestration were 72.50， 65.76， 61.17， 58.39， 48.08 g·kg-1·d-1， respectively， while oxygen release were 52.73， 47.83， 44.50， 42.46， 34.97 g·kg-1·d-1， respectively. Selection of high benefits plants with reasonable density， was the important measures to enhance the capabilities of carbon sequestration and oxygen release of green roof. Sedum polytrichoides， Alternanthera bettzickiana and Setcreasea purpurea were the best choice to green roof， and Portulaca grandiflora and Portulaca oleracea were secondary. With the worst capability of carbon sequestration and oxygen release， Kalanchce fedtschenkoi 'Rosy Dawn' was not suitable for the green roof.

Key words： green roof； ecological effects； CO2 flux； carbon sequestration and oxygen release

屋頂绿化是指在建筑物、构筑物的顶部、天台、露台之上进行的绿化和造园的一种绿化形式[1]，是城市立体绿化的重要方式之一。根据选用植物类型和设计复杂程度，屋顶绿化分为花园式屋顶绿化和简式屋顶绿化。与植物层次丰富的花园式屋顶绿化相比，简式屋顶绿化主要以草坪、景天科等抗性较强的地被植物进行绿化，具有造价低、维护简易等特点，应用范围更广。较多研究表明，屋顶绿化具有固碳释氧、降温增湿、减噪隔音、净化除尘、截留雨水等生态功能[2]。……