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石油污染胁迫对苜蓿种子萌发的影响

2017-09-12赵丽君张凤杰曲艳平刘璐李帅国顾瑞婷钱芮

天津农业科学 2017年9期

赵丽君+张凤杰+曲艳平+刘璐+李帅国+顾瑞婷+钱芮

摘 要:采用室内培养方法,研究石油污染胁迫对苜蓿种子萌发的影响。结果表明,石油胁迫延长了种子的发芽期,但对发芽率和发芽势影响并不显著,根长和芽长受石油污染抑制作用明显,尤其是根长,在25 mg·L-1低浓度处理中表现出显著的受害症状(P<0.01);石油浓度为250 mg·L-1时,根长及芽长抑制作用明显下降,并且对叶绿素含量无明显影响。苜蓿的根和幼苗的过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性及丙二醛(MDA)含量随石油浓度的增加呈现相应响应,总体来看,根和幼苗中的POD,CAT活性及MDA含量呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势。

关键词:石油污染;苜蓿;种子萌发;生理指标

中图分类号:S541+.9 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2017.09.020

Abstract: The effects of oil pollution stress on germination of alfalfa seeds were studied by indoor culture method. The results showed that the germination period of alfalfa oil stress prolonged, but there were no significant influence on germination rate and germination potential of alfalfa seed. The root length and bud length were significantly inhibited by oil pollution, especially the root length, which showed significant symptoms of 25 mg·L-1 in low concentration (P<0.01). When the oil concentration was 250 mg·L-1, the inhibition of root length and shoot length was significantly decreased, and there was no significant effect on chlorophyll content. Peroxidase of alfalfa root and bud (POD), catalase (CAT) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content decreased with the increase of the oil concentration of the corresponding response. Overall, the POD, CAT activity and MDA content in roots and shoots showed the trend of the first high and the lower.

Key words: oil pollution; Medicago sativa; seed germination; physiological index

石油开采、存放和运输过程中因泄漏和废弃物不合理排放造成的土壤石油污染已经成为重要的环境问题之一。石油属于混合物,主要包括烷烃、芳香烃,以及难降解的沥青质[1],对许多植物组织器官有生物学毒性,特别是其中的一些芳香烃组分,不仅具有强烈的致癌、致畸和致突变毒性,还能通过食物链在动植物体内生物富集和放大,对人体健康造成严重的威胁[2-4]。有研究表明,土壤中的石油烃的检出深度主要在0~30 cm的土壤表层,引起土壤碳源大量增加,直接导致土壤中C与N比例失调以及酸碱度的变化,破坏了土壤结构,影响土壤的疏松程度和通气状况[5-9]。土壤是植物生长的主要基质环境,土壤石油污染对植物造成直接的威胁和伤害。研究发现,轻度石油污染会引起某些植物种子萌发率下降、生长发育迟缓、生物量下降,重度污染则会导致植物死亡,从而引起生态系统严重退化[10-12] 。

目前,世界石油年产总量已达2.2×1012 kg,每年约有8×109 kg石油污染物进入环境,在我国每年的新增污染土壤也有近1.0×108 kg [13]。……

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