农村老年人养老状况满意度的影响因素研究
2017-09-09王军强张彦敏
王军强+张彦敏
摘要:基于北京市郊区七个区县的农村问卷调查,实证分析了影响农村老年人养老状况满意度的多维影响因素。研究发现农村老年人整体养老满意度较高,但仍有近三成农村老年人对自身养老境况不满意。通过Logistic回歸分析结果显示,反映个体客观特征的健康状况、反映家庭特征的有老伴、反映人际关系中提供支持和帮助的朋友数对农村老年人养老满意度具有显著的正向影响;而反映经济状况的月支出、反映精神状况的孤独寂寞感对农村老年人的养老满意度具有显著的负向影响。因此,政府应大力弘扬中华民族的孝道文化,同时从精神和物质两个方面为农村老人提供养老支持。
关键词:农村老年人;养老状况;满意度;影响因素
中图分类号:C913.6 文献标识码:A 文章编号:0439-8114(2017)15-2991-06
DOI:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.15.047
Abstract: Based on the rural questionnaire survey of Beijing suburbs seven districts and counties,we empirically analyze the factors influencing the satisfaction of the elderly in rural areas. The pension satisfaction of rural elderly overall is higher, but there are still nearly 30 percent rural elderly people are not satisfied with their own pension situation. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that: Reflecting the objective characteristics of ‘the individual health,reflecting the family characteristics of ‘have a spouse, reflecting the interpersonal relationships of ‘the number of friends who provide support and help, which have significant positive impacts for the pension satisfaction of rural elderly. While reflecting the economic situation of ‘Monthly expenses,reflecting the spirit of ‘the lonely sense,which has significant negative impacts for the pension satisfaction of rural elderly. Therefore, the government should vigorously carry forward the Chinese nation's filial piety culture,at the same time,providing support for rural elderly from two aspects of spirit and matter.
Key words: rural elderly;pension situation;satisfaction;influence factor
近年来,中国老龄化趋势逐渐加剧,2010年“六普”数据显示,目前全国60岁及以上人口达到1.78亿人,占总人口的13.26%,其中农村老年人口占老年人口总数的73%,成为老龄社会的主体。与此同时,随着城镇化的快速推进,大量农村青壮年人口流出农村,造成农村空心化及各类留守人口问题,这必将会影响农村老年人的养老状况。
当前,农村老年人的养老需求不仅包括基本的物质生活保障,而且包括充分的生活照料和体贴的情感慰藉[1]。一些研究者通过农村调査发现,农村部分老人有孤独感,且这个问题有继续发展的态势;同时,农村老年人个人爱好非常贫乏,打发空闲时间的方式单一,精神生活单调[2],尤其是一些失去配偶照料和精神慰藉的丧偶老年人的家庭角色在逐渐边缘化[3]。……
