陈陆望 许冬清 刘延娴 李圣杰 张开弦 殷晓曦

摘 要：为定量地揭示矿区水文地球化学环境演化的本质，更为深入探讨水文地球化学环境演化与人类工程活动和地质背景之间的联系及其联系程度，采用宿县矿区主要突水含水层（四含、煤系、太灰）地下水样的常规离子（K++Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO2-4、HCO-3、CO2-3）、pH值以及总溶解固体（TDS）数据，确立了地下水流路径以及其中的矿物相。在此基础上，利用PHREEQC软件建立了水文地球化学模拟模型，对矿区地下水流路径中的水文地球化学演化进行了定量模拟。研究结果表明：矿区四含水力联系密切，黄铁矿氧化与阳离子交替吸附是其水文地球化学演化的主要水-岩相互作用；矿区煤系地下水总体径流条件差，黄铁矿氧化与阳离子交替吸附作用趋于稳定；矿区中东部太灰水动力条件较好，碳酸盐溶解沉淀是水文地球化学演化的主要水-岩相互作用，西部水力联系不畅，阳离子交替吸附作用与黄铁矿氧化作用是水文地球化学演化的主要水-岩相互作用。研究成果有望为华北隐伏型煤矿区矿井水害防治及地下水资源开发利用提供理论支持。

关键词：煤矿区；水化学特征；水文地球化学模拟；演化

中图分类号： P6413 文献标志码：A

文章编号：1672-1098（2017）06-0027-07

Abstract：Conventional ions （K++Na+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Cl-、SO2-4、HCO-3、CO2-3）， pH value and TDS of main inrush aquifers including the fourth aquifer of unconsolidated formation， the fissured aquifer of coal measure and the karst aquifer of Taiyuan formation in the Suxian mining area were collected to choose the appropriate groundwater flow path and mineral phase. Based on the groundwater flow path and the mineral phase， the hydrogeochemical model was established to quantitatively simulate the hydrogeochemical evolution in the mining area. From the simulation， the fourth aquifer of unconsolidated formation had a close hydraulic connection and was characterized by the pyrite oxidation and the cation exchange and adsorption in the water-rock interaction. The fissured aquifer of coal measure had poor groundwater runoff condition so that the pyrite oxidation and the cation exchange and adsorption tended to be stable. The east-middle of karst aquifer of Taiyuan formation with good hydrodynamic condition was characterized by the carbonate dissolution-precipitation while the western with bad hydrodynamic condition was characterized by the pyrite oxidation and the cation exchange and adsorption. The research hopefully provides a theoretical support for the prevention and treatment of mine water hazard and also for the exploitation and utilization of groundwater in the concealed coal mining area in North China.

Key words：coal mining area；hydrochemical characteristics；hydrogeochemical simulation；evolution

我國华北隐伏型煤矿区地下水系统往往是由多类含水层构成的，且含水层间普遍存在不同程度的水力联系[1]。在采矿活动等的影响下，地下水系统输入、输出与系统结构势必发生改变，以致水文地质条件复杂化，煤矿突水事故频繁发生。……