王淑霞

[摘要] 目的 分析萊西市2011～2015年手足口病（HFMD）流行病学情况并探讨托幼机构儿童手足口病发病影响因素。方法 汇总全市2011～2015年HFMD病例，分析其流行病学特征，并选择3所托幼机构300名儿童作为研究对象，以调查问卷的方式分析研究HFMD的发病影响因素。结果 莱西市2011～2015年共报告手足口病例共412例，发病率为54.21/10万，无死亡病例。报告病例以儿童为主，0～4岁375例，占91.02%。托幼机构儿童手足口病发病的影响因素较多，且各因素均可进行干预。教职工、学生和家长对手足口病防控的态度、相关知识知晓率；教室每学生人均占有面积；班级对手足口病防控的重视程度；相关制度的制定及落实；消毒情况；晨检午检情况；预防行为的践行情况；病例隔离情况；教室等公共场所通风情况等均为托幼机构儿童手足口病发病的影响因素（P<0.05）。结论 莱西市2011～2015年手足口病流行强度基本稳定，4岁以下儿童是发病主要人群，季节分布存在差异。家长及托幼机构应积极践行预防行为，一旦发生手足口病应及时隔离，以降低手足口病的发生率。

[关键词] 手足口病；儿童；托幼机构；肠道病毒71型；柯萨奇病毒A型

[中图分类号] R512.5 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 2095-0616（2017）15-23-04

[Abstract] Objective To analyze the epidemiological distribution of hand-foot-mouth disease （HFMD） in Laixi in 2011-2015，and to explore the risk factors of children with hand-foot-mouth disease in kindergarten. Methods The HFMD cases in Laixi in 2011-2015 were collected and their epidemiological characteristics were analyzed. There were 300 children as the research subjects in the study， they were selected in three kindergarten， the questionnaire were used in the survey to analyze the HFMD influencing factors. Results All 412 cases of HFMD were reported in Laixi in 2011-2015， the incidence was 54.21/100 thousand and there was no death. The number of patients that 0 to 4 years old was 375， accounting for 91.03%. There were many risk factors affecting the incidence of the children with HFMD in kindergarten， and all factors can be interfered. The risk factors of the children with HFMD in kindergarten were as followings （P<0.05）： Teaching staff， students and parents to control the mouth and mouth disease prevention and control， teaching staff， students and parents to the knowledge of hand and foot disease knowledge， classroom area per student per capita， the class has attached importance to the prevention and control of HFMD， the establishment and implementation of relevant system， disinfection situation， morning check and afternoon check， the practice of preventive action， the cases isolated situation， public ventilation in classrooms and other public places， Classroom and other public places of ventilation. Conclusion The epidemic intensity of HFMD in Laixi in 2011-2015 is basically stable. Children under the age of 4 are the major epidemic population， there are differences in seasonal distribution， and EV71 is the main pathogen. Parents and kindergarten should practice preventive behavior actively. The incidence of HFMD should be reduced in time to reduce the incidence of HFMD.

[Key words] Hand-foot-mouth disease； Children；Kindergarten； Enterovirus 71； Coxsackie virus type A

手足口病（hand-foot-mouth disease，HFMD）是由肠道病毒所致的儿童期急性传染病，肠道病毒71型（EV71）和柯萨奇病毒A16型（Cox 16）是其最常见的致病原，HFMD的主要传播方式包括直接或间接的接触传播[1-2]，且HMFD的发病人群以学龄前儿童为主，而这些儿童多在托幼机构，且儿童聚集人口密度高，故托幼机构更容易成为聚集性疫情的主要发生地，因此，做好托幼机构手足口病的

疫情防控工作至关重要[3]。现对莱西市2011 ～ 2015年发生的HFMD病例相关资料作一分析，并对本地区托幼机构的儿童手足口发病情况进行分析，筛选影响因素，为手足口病的预防控制提供参考，报道如下。……