曾宇明?陈爱兰?黄伴如

[摘要] 目的 探索不同性别中小学生伤害与家庭类型关系。 方法 在2014年5月～2016年5月期间收集1000名中小学生作为此次研究对象，向所有学生发放相关问卷，并分析不同家庭类型中男性、女性中小学生的伤害情况分布。 结果 稳定家庭主要表现为扭伤、跌坠伤，其中核心家庭3.54%的男孩受到伤害，4.56%的女孩受到伤害；而大家庭12.09%的男孩受到伤害，10.66%的女孩受到伤害；不稳定家庭则主要表现为动物咬伤、烫伤/烧伤、跌坠伤，其中隔代家庭56.52%的男孩受到伤害，52.38%的女孩受到伤害；单亲家庭67.74%的男孩受到伤害，70.00%的女孩受到伤害；而重组家庭63.64%的男童受到伤害，60.00%的女孩受到伤害。组间对比存在差异性（P<0.05）。 结论 不同的家庭类型，可发生不同比例的中小学生伤害，而伤害发生比例与男女比例无关。

[关键词] 不同性别；中小学生伤害；家庭类型；预防对策

[中图分类号] B844.2 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 2095-0616（2017）14-162-04

Analysis of the relationship between injuries and family types of primary and secondary school students of different genders

ZENG Yuming CHEN Ailan HUANG Banru

Changping Hospital，Dongguan 523573，China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the relationship between injuries and family types of primary and secondary school students of different genders. Methods 1000 primary and secondary school students were selected as the study object from May 2014 to May 2016.Questionnaires were given to all students， and the distribution of injuries among male and female primary and middle school students in different family types was analyzed. Results Stable families were mainly affected by sprains and falls.Among them，3.54% of the boys in the nuclear family were injured，and 4.56% of the girls were injured.12.09% of boys in big families were hurt，and 10.66% of girls were hurt.Unstable family was mainly for animal bites，burn and scald/fall，the grandparents family 56.52% boy hurt，52.38% girl hurt.67.74% of boys in single parent families were hurt，and 70% of them were hurt.63.64% of the boys in the reconstituted family were hurt，and 60% of the girls were hurt.There was difference between groups （P<0.05）. Conclusion Different types of families may have different proportions of primary and secondary school students' injuries，while the proportion of injuries has nothing to do with the proportion of men and women.

[Key words] Different gender；Primary and secondary school students injuries；Family type；Preventive measures

研究表明[1]，傷害已成为世界各国6～14岁儿童的第一大“杀手”，对此越来越多学者对中小学生伤害这一公共卫生问题进行了关注和研究。而家庭作为社会的基本单位，家庭环境的优劣，直接制约着青少年的个性和心理发展，并且很大可能直接影响到中小学生的伤害发生率。有临床学者对此研究结果表明，家长的感情支持行为，很大程度上能够降低儿童攻击行为、违纪行为、退缩行为以及强迫行为，从而降低伤害发生率，但过度的溺爱和放任亦可导致中小学生伤害率上升[2]。同时儿童伤害可严重影响少年的生长发育、身心健康，且也是导致儿童残疾、死亡的主要原因之一……