高考词汇

boil vt. 煮；煮沸

float vi. 漂浮

form vi. 形成

expand vi. 膨胀

react vi. （化学）反应

liquid n. 液体

mixture n. 混合物

oxygen n. 氧气

equipment n. 设备；装备

electricity n. 电

stage n. 阶段；时期

conclusion n. 结论

aim n. 目标；目的

equipment n. 设备；装备

balance n. 天平

flame n. 火焰

lecture n. 演讲

department n. （大学的）科、系

electrical adj. 与电有关的；用电的

ordinary adj. 普通的；平常的

astonished adj. 吃惊的；惊愕的

常用短语

add...to... 往……加入……

used to 过去（常常）……

in the area of 在……领域

be proud of 为……感到骄傲/自豪

be supposed to 应当；理应

push down 向下按；推到

keep down 控制；限制

react with 与……产生化学反应

keep...out of 防止……进入

put...in order 把……按顺序排列

draw a/the conclusion 得出结论

test tube 试管

a quarter 四分之一

three quarters 四分之三

a third 三分之一

a half 一半

拓展词汇

contract vi. 收缩

rust vi. 生锈

dissolve vi. 溶解；分解；分离

substance n. 物质

reaction n. 反应

steam n. 蒸汽；水汽

facility n. （常作复数）设备；工具

tongs n. （复）夹子；小钳子

partial adj. 部分的；局部的

过渡词汇

exist vi. 存在；生存

solid n. 固体

surface n. 表面

tube n. 管；管子

词汇短语园地

1. aim n. 目标；目的；瞄准

（1） aim用作名词，表示“目的；目标”时是可数名词；表示“瞄准”是不可数名词。

John has only one aim in life—to be a film star.

约翰一生只有一个目标——成为电影明星。

Take careful aim at the bird.

仔细瞄准那只鸟。

（2） aim后常接at，如：

He took aim at the bird， but missed.

他向鳥瞄准，但没射中。

He aimed his gun at the bird， but did not fire.

他用枪瞄准鸟，但没开枪。

aim v. 瞄准；力求达到；力争做到

（1） aim后一般接at doing sth，有时其后也接for，表示希望达到某个目标。

Theyre aiming at training everybody.

他们正力求做到人人得到培训。

We should aim for the best results.

我们要力争取得最好的结果。

（2） aim后接不定式，表示“想要做某事”（有时可与aim at doing sth互换）。

He aims to become （= at becoming） a computer expert.

他想成为计算机专家。

（3）“实现目标”在英语中要用动词achieve，一般不用reach。

Everybody should be given the chance to achieve their aims.

要让每个人都有机会实现自己的目标。

2. equipment n. 设备；装备

（1） equipment和facility都可译作“设备；器材”，但equipment是不可数名词，指用于某一特殊目的的东西、供给品、装备等。如：a piece of equipment；basic kitchen equipment；medical/office equipment。

（2） facility是可数名词，常用复数形式。facilities指为特殊活动或目的所提供的种种便利，包括设施、场所和服务等。如：production facilities；facilities for study；facilities for travel；sports facilities；shopping/banking/ cooking facilities。

3. form vi. & vt. 形成；产生；养成；培养；

n. 形式；类型、表格

One of the most important tasks for a school is to help form a childs character.

学校的一个重要任务就是要帮助儿童个性的形成。

Flowers appeared， but fruits failed to form.

开了花，但没有结果。

The disease can take several different forms.

这种疾病可能有几种不同的形式。

Music is not like most other art forms.

音乐不像其他多数种类的艺术类型。

fill out/complete a form 填表

常用搭配：

form good habits 养成好习惯

4. boil vt. 煮；煮沸

The water was bubbling and boiling.

水在咕噜咕噜地沸腾着。

Boil plenty of salted water， and then add the spaghetti.

把足量的盐水烧开，再放入意大利面条。

boil down 煮浓；熬浓

boil up 把（液体或食物）烧开

5. react vi. 起反应；（对……）做出反应；回应

Local residents have reacted angrily to the news.

当地居民对这一消息表示愤怒。

You never know how he is going to react.

你根本不知道他会作何反应。

（1） react （with sth） 起化学反应；发生物理变化

Iron reacts with water and air to produce rust.

铁和水及空气发生反应，产生铁锈。

（2） react against 反对；反抗

He reacted strongly against artistic conventions of his time.

他强烈反对当时的艺术俗套。

6. astonished adj. 吃驚的；惊愕的

（1） be astonished at/by... 对……感到惊讶

I was astonished at his behaviour.

我对他的行为感到十分惊讶。

（2） be astonished to find / hear / learn / see... 吃惊地发现 / 听到 / 知道 / 看见

We were astonished to hear that their football team had won the champion.

听说他们的足球队获得了冠军，我们很是吃惊。

（3） be astonished that...

She seemed astonished that I had ever been to Paris.

我曾去过巴黎，这使她十分惊讶。

7. conclusion n. 结论

（1） come to/draw/reach a/the conclusion 得出结论

Ive come to the conclusion that hes not the right person for the job.

我断定他不适合做这项工作。

We can draw some conclusions from our discussion.

从讨论中我们可以得出一些结论。

It took me some time to reach the conclusion.

我花了很长时间才得出结论。

（2） in conclusion 最后；总之

In conclusion， I would like to thank you for all you have done for me.

最后，我要感谢你为我做的一切。

conclude vt. 断定；推断出

8. used to do 过去（常常）做某事

I used to read newspapers last year.

去年我常常读报。

Did they use to play football？

他们过去经常踢足球吗？

（1） be used to doing sth 习惯做某事

I am used to going to school by bus.

我习惯乘公交车去学校。

（2） be used to do 被用来做（表示被动）

Wood is used to make paper.

木头被用来造纸。

9. add...to... 往……加入……

If you add five to five， you get ten.

五加五得十。

Please add my name to the list.

请在名单上加上我的名字。

Will you add more sugar to your coffee？

你的咖啡要多加些糖吗？

（1） add in 包括；把……加进去

Dont forget to add me in.

别忘了把我也算上。

（2） add up to 加起来等于；总计

The costs added up to 1000 dollars.

费用总计为1000美元。

（3） add to 使（数量、程度）增加；使（规模）扩大

The bad weather only added to our difficulties.

恶劣的天气只是增加了我们的困难。

10. be supposed to 应当；理应

在be supposed to中，to是动词不定式符号，不是介词，其后要跟动词原形。

（1） 当be supposed to的主语是“人”时，意为“应该；被期望”，它可以用来表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等，相当于情态动词should。

Everyone is supposed to wear a seat-belt in the car.

每个人在汽车里都应该系安全带。

Teachers are supposed to treat all the students alike.

老师应该对所有的学生一视同仁。

（2） be supposed to后接have加过去分词，表示“应该做某事而没做或没做到”。

You are supposed to have handed in your homework by now.

你现在本该已把作业交上来了。

He is supposed to have arrived an hour ago.

他本该一小时前就到了。

（3） be supposed to的否定结构为be not supposed to，意为“不被许可；不应当”。

You are not supposed to walk on the grass.

不准践踏草地。

You are not supposed to smoke on the bus.

你不應该在公共汽车上吸烟。

11. be proud of 为……感到骄傲 / 自豪

You will be proud of me. 你会以我为荣的。

Its nothing to be proud of. 这没有什么可骄傲的。

跟踪导练（一）

阅读理解

A

If mans best friend is a dog， then who is a dogs best friend？ That would be Rover， Glow， Ivan or Raina. They recently donated （捐赠） blood to other dogs. And they did it without having to travel far from home： they visited an animal bloodmobile.

Like the Red Cross vehicles for humans， the University of Pennsylvanias traveling vet lab goes to where the donors are to make it easier to give. The bloodmobile makes weekly rounds through Philadelphia and New Jersey.

Like humans， not every dog is qualified （合格的） to donate blood. The dogs are examined for health first. Dogs must have the correct blood type， weigh at least 55 pounds and be under 8 years old. About 150 dogs take part in the program. Each donates three or four pints （品脱） a year， which can help animals suffering from illness like cancer or an accident like being hit by a car.

Sandy Lucas brought her 7-year-old dog， Raina， to the bloodmobile last week. She said she wouldnt have taken the dog to Penn Vets animal hospital in downtown Philadelphia， which is twice as far from her home. “I was very， very excited that she had the right blood that was needed to help another dog out，” said Lucas. “Well surely do it again.”

Just like people， the donors get a snack and a heart-shaped sticker immediately after giving. Whats more， they receive dog food to take home.

If dogs are doing what they can to save other dogs， why cant we do it to save other people？ Next time you hesitate （猶豫） over whether to donate blood or not， think of the dogs.

1. Why does the writer mention Rover， Glow， Ivan and Raina in Paragraph 1？

A. They are mans best friends.

B. They are common names for dogs.

C. They get along well with other dogs.

D. They have donated blood to other dogs.

2. What do we know about the traveling vet lab？

A. It is a Red Cross vehicle.

B. It collects dogs blood for other dogs.

C. It travels through Philadelphia every day.

D. It was donated by the University of Pennsylvania.

3. What can we learn from Paragraph 4？

A. Sandy Lucas is unwilling to let her dog donate blood.

B. The bloodmobile welcomes dogs from anywhere in the city.

C. The animal bloodmobile has made it easier for dogs to donate blood.

D. Penn Vets animal hospital in downtown Philadelphia is popular.

4. Through the last paragraph， the author wants to ___ .

A. encourage us to donate blood

B. show the importance of dogs

C. compare humans with dogs

D. ask us to help dogs

B

British scientists have discovered the willow trees planted at an angle （角度） could increase sugars for biofuel production.

Willow is fast-growing. It is already used to produce fuels for the renewable heating and power market. In future it could also help to produce biofuel to power vehicles. It has been known that when willows growing in the wild are blown sideways they produce more sugars. But for a while it has not been known why this happens.

Researchers at Imperial College London， led by Dr Nicholas Brereton and Dr Michael Ray of the Department of Life Sciences， have now solved the mystery. When the tree is blown sideways， its genes（基因） produce large numbers of sugar molecules （分子） to straighten the tree upwards.

“This is an important breakthrough. Our study now shows that natural genetic changes are related to these differences. And this could well be the key to unlocking the future for green energy from willow，” said Dr Brereton.

The research was carried out under lab conditions. The willows were grown at an angle of 45 degrees. They were compared to willows which grow naturally straight upwards. The team then looked for the same effect among the willows growing on the Isle of Orkney where strong winds cause the trees to bend at extreme angles. They discovered that the Orkney trees produce five times the amount of sugars found in willows grown in sheltered conditions.

Willow is widely planted across the UK. The results show that biofuel crops such as willows could be grown in climatically challenging conditions where chances of growing food crops are limited.

The study is published in Biotechnology for Biofuels.

5. What may happen when willows are planted in strong winds？

A. They will stop growing.

B. Few sugars will be produced.

C. They will grow sideways.

D. Changes in genes will take place.

6. What can we learn from the passage about the Orkney willows？

A. They are unusually rich in sugars.

B. They grow naturally straight upwards.

C. They looked taller than ordinary willows.

D. They are stronger than those growing in labs.

7. Farmers living in challenging climate ___ .

A. use biofuel for heating and power

B. are encouraged to grow biofuel crops

C. should make their willows grow straight

D. can plant different kinds of food crops

8. Where does this passage probably come from？

A. A personal diary. B. A newspaper ad.

C. A scientific journal. D. A travel magazine.

跟蹤导练（二）

完形填空

Once upon a time there lived on the bank of a river a miller （磨坊主）. He was singing happily. People all over the land liked to talk about his pleasant . At last the king him.

“Ill go down and with him，” he said. “Perhaps he can tell me how to be .”

As soon as he stepped into the mill， he heard the miller ， “I envy （羡慕） nobody， for Im as happy as I can be. And nobody envies me.”

“Youre ， my friend，” said the king. “I envy you， and I would gladly change with you if I could only be as light-hearted as you are.”

The miller smiled， and to the king. “Im sure I couldnt think of changing places with you， sir，” he said.

“Now me，” said the king， “what makes you so cheerful here in your dusty mill， I， who am king， am sad and in every day.”

The miller smiled and said， “I dont know why you are sad， but I can tell you why Im glad. I earn my own bread， I love my family and my friends， and I dont need to a penny. Why should I not be happy？ For every day the river my mill， and the mill grinds （碾碎） the that feeds my family.”

“Say no more，” said the king. “ where you are， and be happy still. Your dusty cap is more valuable than my crown （王冠）. Your mill does more for you than my can do for me. If there were more such men as you， what a good place this

would be！”

1. A. seldom B. ever C. sometimes D. always

2. A. taste B. holiday C. ways D. meals

3. A. heard about B. thought of

C. cared about D. discussed with

4. A. work B. talk C. live D. walk

5. A. rich B. happy C. free D. kind

6. A. singing B. shouting C. dancing D. talking

7. A. weak B. poor C. foolish D. wrong

8. A. farms B. horses C. places D. seats

9. A. moved B. bowed C. pointed D. went

10. A. tell B. offer C. remind D. pass

11. A. or B. and C. while D. for

12. A. fact B. trouble C. silence D. danger

13. A. easily B. slowly C. quickly D. successfully

14. A. give B. spare C. borrow D. collect

15. A. cleans B. shakes C. washes D. turns

16. A. meat B. egg C. corn D. cake

17. A. Stay B. Sleep C. Study D. Drive

18. A. red B. new C. big D. golden

19. A. company B. office C. store D. kingdom

20. A. factory B. world C. village D. street

语法填空

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Everyone has a childhood and childhood experiences are often very （interest）. Children often make us laugh.

I often remember my childhood， the years many funny things happened. When I was a two-year-old child， both my parents were always very busy with their work. My mother worked as sales manager in a company while my father served in the army. So I lived with my grandma in a village. I was always waiting for my parents at home. Once my father （send） us a photo of him in a soldiers uniform， which （post） on the table reminding me him.

Once my mother came （see） me and we were going to the downtown together. On the way we saw a group of （soldier）. And when I saw them， I became very （excite）. I shouted in a big voice， “This is my father， that one is my father， and he is my father， too…”

（hear） this， my mother laughed and said that she would remember that moment all her life.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

跟踪导练（三）

閱读理解

A

When I looked at the grade on my math paper my jaw （下巴） almost dropped to the ground： a big “65” in bright red ink. I had never received such a terrible grade before.

I was so ashamed that when I got home that afternoon I lied to my dad. I told him I got 85 and that the report wouldnt come until the end of the month. Dad smiled. His daughter would never lie about her grade， so he didnt doubt the unusual delay （延迟） of my report.

A month later， Dad casually asked me again about the report at the dinner table. He looked right into my eyes and asked for an answer. Having no choice. I told him that I had in fact got just 65 in my math final. I had lied because I didnt want to let him down.

For a moment， he just looked at me. I would have preferred a telling off（斥责） than that silence. Finally， Dad said， in a hurt voice， “You have already let me down， with your lie. I am not disappointed at your math score. That is no big deal—no one can be perfect all the time. But I am very disappointed in you. If you cant be honest with your dad， who can you be honest with？ Its much easier to achieve a better grade than rebuild someone elses trust in you.”

Dads words touched my heart. I couldnt forgive myself for having hurt his feelings. I took out the report that I had been hiding for weeks， handed to him and apologized， sincerely. I realized that my honesty is not only important to me personally， but to those around me that truly care about me.

In one of Shakespeares plays a character says， “No legacy （遺产） is so rich as honesty.” After the crisis between Dad and me， I began to understand those words.

1. The first paragraph suggests that the author ___ .

A. is bad at math

B. usually gets a higher grade

C. was once punished by her father for a bad grade

D. never expected the teachers to treat her badly

2. Why did the author tell her father the truth finally？

A. The father was so serious.

B. She realized it was wrong to lie.

C. It had been too long since she lied.

D. She didnt want to let her father down any more.

3. Why did her father stay silent after she told him the truth？

A. He didnt understand her.

B. He was deeply hurt by her.

C. He felt unhappy with the grade.

D. He was thinking about what to say.

4. What does the author mainly want to tell us？

A. Its foolish to lie to parents.

B. Its hard to be a good student.

C. Its very important to be honest.

D. Its necessary to meet parents requirement.

B

In the modern world more and more people meet the problem of identity.The most interesting example is that of a so-called “banana”， which refers to an American who has an Asian face but holds Western value.

In Shanghai， there now live a group of people from abroad. They dont look different from the locals and speak fluent Chinese or even Shanghai dialect， but when it comes to writing Chinese characters， they are almost illiterate （文盲）. Jack is such an example. He never learned to read or write Chinese characters， which he finds mysterious and difficult. “But when I am in the States， I feel thats not my home either，” he said.

At De Gaulle Airport in France， there is a Swiss man who has been living in the waiting room for a long time because he lost his passport during his travels. He was refused entry into several countries. But when he was eventually allowed to return to Switzerland， he refused to leave the airport. His reason was very simple—“I am sure who I am. I need no acknowledgement from others，” he said during an interview. For this reason he was honored by the Western media as “the Hero of identity.”

As the Internet becomes more and more popular， the problem of identity becomes more serious. In a virtual world， people can have different addresses registered with different names. In the Internet chat room， even ones gender （性別） is hard to determine.It seems that in the global village， people are saying hello every day to each other without knowing whom they are talking to.

What will be the next crisis （危机） of identity？ With the development of cloning technology， it might be： who is the real “I”？

5. What does the underlined word “banana” in Paragraph 1 refer to？

A. America-born Asian.

B. American born in Asia.

C. American traveling to Asia.

D. American keeping Eastern culture.

6. Why did the Swiss man have to live in De Gaulle Airport？

A. He needed to board a plane at the right time.

B. He needed others acknowledgement.

C. He lost his passport at the airport.

D. He couldnt prove who he was.

7. Whats the authors opinion on the problem of identity？

A. Internet technology helps solve it.

B. People dont need to worry about it.

C. Only people traveling abroad have this problem.

D. There will be more problems relating to identity in the future.

8. What does the passage mainly talk about？

A. The crisis of identity.

B. The importance of identity.

C. Difficulty in living in foreign counties.

D. Differences between Eastern and Western cultures.

跟踪导练（四）

阅读理解

When I was seven years old， my family made me an ant farm. First， we put clean sand in a thin glass box. Then we waited for the ants to arrive.

After the ants were in the glass farm， they started to make tunnels （隧道）. I was amazed that each one knew exactly what to do. Each had its own job.

On the fifth day a tragedy happened. I put my face so close to the glass farm that I knocked it over.

All the tunnels fell down. Although the ants remained alive after their earthquake， one by one they began to die. I was scared as I watched them give up building their tunnels to carry the bodies to a corner of the farm.

My mother said that the ants were dying of sadness. They simply could not stand that their tunnels were gone.

Although much time has passed， I still think of that ant farm. Mom had hoped it would teach me about the natural world， but it taught me much more.

Over the years， I came to realize the importance of teamwork. Working together， the ants were able to make an amazing world for themselves. I also learned that they should be admired for their hard work.

But there was an even larger lesson that I did not realize until recently： adversity （苦難） is a natural part of life， and must be accepted. Unlike the ants， we cannot give up when we are sad. We have to realize that if a tunnel is gone， we must build another.

Giving up， I say， is not a good choice.

1. What did the writers family do for him when he was seven？

A. They built a farm of ants. B. They bought a few ants.

C. They caught a lot of ants. D. They found an ant city.

2. Which is the correct order of the events in the story？

a. All the tunnels fell down.

b. The ants died one by one.

c. The ants got into the glass box.

d. The ants began making tunnels.

A. a-b-c-d B. a-c-d-b

C. c-d-a-b D. c-a-d-b

3. What did the writer come to realize a few years later？

A. Working together will waste time.

B. Teamwork is important.

C. He cant accept adversity.

D. Working alone is amazing.

4. What should be the best title for the passage？

A. Ants Fear Adversity B. My Family and Ant

C. Giving up in Adversity D. A Lesson from Ants

阅读七选五

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

There have never been many adventurers. But they were really businessmen. There was something they wanted—a lady， or money， or a country， or honor. And so they got it. But a true adventure is different. He starts without any special purpose. He is ready for anything he may meet.

There have been many half-adventurers. History is rich with their stories. But each of them had a special purpose. They were not followers of true adventure.

In the big city of New York， Romance and Adventure are always waiting.

We look up suddenly and see a face in a window. The face seems to interest us strangely. Or in a quiet street， we hear a cry of fear and pain coming from a house where no one lives. A car takes us to a strange door， instead of to our own. The door opens and we are asked to enter. At every corner， eyes look toward us， or hands are raised， or fingers point.

But few of us are ready to accept. We wish to do only the things that everyone else does. We move on； and some day we come to the end of a long quiet life. Then we begin to think. Then， when it is too late， we are sorry that we have never known true Romance and Adventure.

A. Adventure is offered.

B. And they were great men.

C. Theyre famous for their stories.

D. So life is always full of adventures.

E. As we walk along the street， they are watching us.

F. You have read stories about men called adventures.

G. We are ready to do only the things we do every day.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

跟蹤导练（五）

选词填空

用方框里单词的正确形式填空，使其句意完整。每空一词，有两个词是多余的。

rust form react electricity facility aim

float liquid lecture contract boil flame

1. Be careful when using ____ equipment.

2. If you add too much ____ ， the mixture will not be thick enough.

3. I saw some fallen leaves ____ in the river.

4. Youd better keep the iron away from the water to avoid ____ .

5. What was your mothers ____ to the news？

6. The ____ were growing higher and higher.

7. Professor Wang will give us two ____ tomorrow morning.

8. Ice ____ at the temperature of 0℃.

9. Its a very high office building with modern ____ .

10. Do you want a（n） ____ egg for breakfast？

句子翻译

1. 知道金属如何与不同物质反应是很重要的。（react with）

2. 将来人类能住到月球上吗？现在下结论过早。（too … to）

3. 他为自己没有放弃而感到骄傲。（be proud of）

4. 他过去住在巴黎，但现在住在北京。（used to）

5. 你应当在4点前完成家庭作业。（be supposed to）

短文改错

Two months ago， I went to abroad for further study. Before I left， I was given a lot of presents. Between them， there were two presents which real interested me. My sister bought me a book with color picture about body language and with words about customs of different countries in them. My brother gave me a note， which reads： My present has put in your bedroom. When I went into my bedroom， I found a box， in that there was a electronic dictionary. I was very glad and a little surprising to receive these two presents.

书面表达

假如你班将在英语课上对“饮食习惯”这一话题进行讨论。请根据下列提示，用英语写一篇发言稿，谈谈你对此的看法。要点如下：

1. 不良的饮食习惯；

2. 良好的饮食习惯；

3. 你的看法。

词数：100左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）。

Dear friends，

As we all know， we are what we eat. Therefore，its very important for us to form healthy eating habits.

Thats all. Thank you！