KRAS基因突变的非小细胞肺癌靶向治疗进展
2017-08-04张煜坤戈伟
张煜坤++++++戈伟
[摘要] 肺癌是最致命的恶性肿瘤之一,高居全球肿瘤相关死亡的首位。随着多学科综合治疗的发展,肺癌患者的死亡率仍居高不下。KRAS基因突变是非小细胞肺癌最常见的突变类型。目前对KRAS基因突变的靶向治疗主要通过直接抑制KRAS基因、改变KRAS膜定位、抑制KRAS下游效应分子及抑制KRAS突变协同致死基因等方面进行研究。本文对KRAS基因突变的非小细胞肺癌靶向治疗的现况和进展进行综述。
[关键词] 非小细胞肺癌;KRAS基因突变;抑制KRAS下游效应分子;靶向治疗
[中图分类号] R734.2 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2017)06(a)-0032-04
Progress in targeted therapy of KRAS mutations in non-small cell lung cancer
ZHANG Yukun GE Wei▲
The Two Department of Oncology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Province, Wuhan 430060, China
[Abstract] Lung cancer is one of the most deadly malignancies, ranking the first in global cancer-related death. With the development of multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment, the mortality rate of patients with lung cancer is still high. KRAS gene mutations are the most common type of mutations in non-small cell lung. At present, the targeted therapy of KRAS gene mutation mainly through the direct inhibition of KRAS gene, change the KRAS membrane localization, inhibition of KRAS downstream effector molecules, inhibition of KRAS mutant synergistic lethal genes and other aspects of research. In this review, the status and progress of KRAS mutations in non-small cell lung cancer targeted therapy are briefly reviewed.
[Key words] Non-small cell lung cancer; KRAS gene mutation; Inhibition of KRAS downstream effector molecule; Targeting therapy
肺癌居世界范围内恶性肿瘤死因的第一位,每年有超过100万人因肺癌死亡[1]。其中非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)是最常见的组织学类型,占所有肺癌的85%[2]。超过40%的患者确诊时已是局部晚期或晚期,失去了手术机会。目前肺癌的治疗逐渐多元化,包括手术、放化疗、靶向治疗、生物免疫治疗等,对于晚期NSCLC的一线化疗方案是以铂类为基础的两药联合,但其疗效已经达到治疗平台,随着医学分子生物学的飞速发展,分子靶向治疗为NSCLC患者带来了新的希望。靶向表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)和间变性淋巴瘤激酶(ALK)已广泛应用于NSCLC的治疗中。然而,10%~30% KRAS突变型肺癌患者无法从EGFR抑制剂中获益。此外,尽管早已确定了NSCLC中存在KRAS突变,但这仍然是一个具有挑战性的靶向治疗目标。
1 治疗方法
1.1 直接抑制KRAS基因
直接抑制KRAS基因已经被证明在临床上是有困难的。但也有学者通过抑制KRAS G12C和GTP结合,促进其与GDP的结合,及……
