□ 文/本刊记者 杨艳

你知道吗？金砖国家开发银行萌芽于重庆这是2012年在重庆召开的金砖国家智库论坛的重要成果

□ 文/本刊记者 杨艳

2012年9月26日，“2012年金砖国家智库论坛（重庆）”在南坪丽笙世嘉酒店三峡会议厅隆重举行，参加论坛会嘉宾合影。

（图片由市政府外事侨务办提供）

2014年7月15日，在巴西福塔莱萨举行的金砖国家领导人第六次会晤上，“金砖五国”巴西、俄罗斯、印度、中国、南非领导人签署协议，宣布成立金砖国家开发银行（金砖银行）。

金砖国家开发银行是一个政府间合作的多边开发性金融机构，由金砖五国作为创始国发起设立，主要目的是“为金砖国家以及其他新兴市场经济体和发展中国家的基础设施建设、可持续发展项目筹措资金”。

但你知道吗？金砖国家成立开发银行的理念诞生在重庆。

2012年9月26日—27日，重庆召开了一次重要的国际性会议，即金砖国家智库论坛。论坛的主题为“调整·创新·合作”。在为期两天的会议中，俄罗斯代表团团长托洛拉亚、巴西代表团团长斯图恩克尔、南非代表团团长兰加、印度代表团团长维斯瓦纳坦等来自中国、俄罗斯、巴西、南非和印度的40多位专家齐聚山城，围绕“金融危机背景下金砖国家发展模式的调整”“如何推动金砖国家之间的经贸合作”等重大国际合作议题展开了深入的研讨。其中，首次提出了“创建金砖国家开发银行的可行性”。

2007年，全球面临60年来最严重的金融危机。金融危机以来，美国金融政策变动导致国际金融市场资金的波动，对新兴市场国家的币值稳定造成很大影响。中国货币波动较小，但是印度、俄罗斯、巴西等国都经历了货币巨幅贬值，导致通货膨胀。此时，靠IMF救助存在不及时和力度不够的问题，金砖国家为避免在下一轮金融危机中受到货币不稳定的影响，计划构筑一个共同的金融安全网。一旦出现货币不稳定的情况，可以借助这个资金池兑换一部分外汇来应急。为此，与会嘉宾共同提出了创建金砖国家开发银行的想法。

后来，沿袭这一理念，金砖国家开发银行的建立慢慢成为了现实：

2013年3月，第五次金砖国家领导人峰会召开，会议决定建立金砖国家开发银行；

2014年7月，金砖国家领导人第六次会晤在巴西举行。此次峰会“敲定”了呼吁已久的金砖国家开发银行，其初始资本为1000亿美元，由5个创始成员平均出资，总部设在中国上海。

金砖国家新开发银行的首任行长为印度人瓦曼卡马特（K.V.Kamath），2015年7月21日8点30分正式开业。

金砖国家开发银行类似世界银行和国际货币基金组织（IMF），它萌芽于重庆，表明重庆在其发展历程中站有重要的一席之地。

近年来，金砖国家群体性崛起并积极探索各具特色的发展道路，丰富了世界发展模式，展现了新型经济体的充沛活力和巨大的发展潜力。金砖国家各具优势，经济互补性很强，既有开展广泛合作的现实基础，也有促进共同发展的现实需求。各个金砖各国发展水平相近，都面临保增长、调结构、促民生的艰巨任务。加强金砖国家发展经验交流、推动相互间的合作，对各国的长期可持续发展具有重要意义。

（制图：胡欣）

On July 15, 2014, the Sixth BRICS Leaders Summit, held in Fortaleza, witnessed leaders from Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa to sign an agreement to announce the establishment of the BRICs Development Bank, namely the BRICs Bank.

As a multilateral development financial institution cooperated with different governments, the BRICs Development Bank was established by BRICs nations as the initiator, whose main purpose is to raise funds for infrastructure and sustainable development projects in those five nations and other emerging market economies as well as developing countries.

But do you know? The conception to build this bank sprouted in Chongqing.

An important international meeting, namely, BRICs Think Tank Forum, was held in Chongqing in September 26-27, 2012. The theme of this forumwas adjustment, innovation and cooperation. During the two-day meeting, Toloraa, head of the Russian delegation, Stu Unckel, head of the Brazilian delegation, Langa, head of the South African delegation, Viswanathan, head of the Indian delegation,and more than 40 experts from China, Russia, India,Brazil and India, gathered in Chongqing. They have had in-depth discussions toward some major issues related to international cooperation like “Adjustment of BRICs development model under the background of fi nancial crisis”; “How to promote economic and trade cooperation among BRICs”. For the first time, the feasibility of establishing BRICs Development Bank was put forward.

In 2007, the world faced the worst financial crisis in 60 years. Since the financial crisis, the changes in the financial policy in the United States have led to fluctuations in the international financial market funds, and left a great impact on the stability of the currency market in emerging markets. The fl uctuations in Chinese currency are relatively low but it caused massive devaluation in India, Russia and Brazil,which also led to inflation in those countries. At this point, rescues from IMF are not timely and enough.For that reason, The BRICs plan to build a common

financial safety net in order to avoid the effects of currency instability in the next fi nancial crisis. Once the currency is unstable, BRICs can use the money pool to exchange some of the foreign exchange for emergency response. To this end, the guests jointly proposed the establishment of the BRICs Development Bank.

Later, following this idea, the establishment of the BRICs Development Bank became a reality:

In March 2013, the Fifth BRICs Leaders Summit decided to establish the BRICs development bank;

In July 2014, the Sixth BRICs Leaders Summit was held in Brazil. Long-waited BRICs development bank was decided to establish in this meeting. With initial capital of $100 billion, contributed by an average of 5 founding members, this bank was headquartered in Shanghai, China.

The first president of the new BRICs Development Bank is K.V. Kamath from India. This bank was of fi cially opened at 8:30 on July 21, 2015.

The BRICs Development Bank is similar to the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund(IMF). It sprouted in Chongqing and showed that Chongqing had an important place in the course of its development.

In recent years, the BRICs have grown up in the method of grouping and actively explored a distinctive path to development, which enriched the diversi fi cation of the world development model and demonstrated the vitality and huge potential for development of the new economy. With different advantages and strong complementary economy, The BRICs have both realistic basis for extensive cooperation and realistic demand for common development. With the same levels of development, BRICs countries are faced with the arduous task of ensuring growth, adjusting their structure and improving people’s livelihood. It is of great signi fi cance for long-term sustainable development of BRICs by the exchanges of developing experiences and cooperation among those fi ve countries.

(The pictures are provided by Foreign and Overseas Chinese Affairs Of fi ce of Chongqing Municipal People’ s Government)

Do you know?BRICS Development Bank sprouted in Chongqing

□ Article / journalist Yang Yan