杨尚雅+高翔

摘要：通过对河南省部分地区的农村低保户进行调查访谈，结果发现，农村低保户仍存在着生活环境较为孤立，伴随疾病、失业等不幸事件发生，社会关系薄弱，无法自主脱贫的困境；运用生命历程理论对个案进行具体分析，提出政府部门应重视早期预防、强化临时救助、完善社会关系、进行资本投资等对策来帮助其进行精准脱贫。

关键词：生命历程理论；农村低保户；精准脱贫；河南省

中图分类号：F323.89 文献标识码：A 文章编号：0439-8114（2017）12-2391-04

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.12.047

Dilemma and Countermeasure in the Precise Poverty Alleviation of Rural Low-income Households in View of Life Course Theory

——A Case Analysis Based on Henan Province

YANG Shang-ya1， GAO Xiang2

（1.School of Public Administration， Hohai University， Nanjing 210098， China；

2.College of Social Sciences， Huazhong University of Science and Technology， Wuhan 430074， China）

Abstract： The investigation and interview were conducted on rural low-income households in some areas of Henan province. The results showed that， the rural low-income households were still living in the relative isolated environment， along with the occurrence of disease， unemployment and other unfortunate events. They were weak in social relations and unable to actively shake off the dilemma of poverty. Some specific cases were analyzed by using life course theory， it concluded that the government departments should help rural low-income households by attaching importance to early prevention， strengthening temporary assistance， improving social relations， making capital investment and other measures in precise poverty alleviation.

Key words： life course theory； rural low-income households； precise poverty alleviation； Henan

2015年11月，《中共中央國务院关于打赢脱贫攻坚战的决定》中明确指出要“实行农村最低生活保障制度兜底脱贫”。这说明农村最低生活保障制度在中国精准脱贫的过程中所发挥的作用不可忽视。而对于农村低保户脱贫研究主要有两方面的内容：一是救助瞄准认定研究；二是目标瞄准效率研究。梳理目前的研究之后发现，对于农村低保户的研究缺乏对个人生命历程的关注，笔者以生命历程理论为研究视角，基于河南省农村低保政策及个案访谈对这一问题进行分析。

农村低保户的生存状况直接影响着中国精准扶贫的实施效果。因此，有必要对农村低保户的精准脱贫问题予以关注，农村低保户精准脱贫过程中应当汲取阿玛蒂亚森的观点“仅仅减少收入贫困绝不可能是反贫困政策的终极动机。根本的问题要求我们按照人们能够实际享有的生活和他们实实在在拥有的自由来理解贫困和剥夺。……