张书莲

摘要 根据《广东统计年鉴》数据，运用DEA-Malmquist模型对广东省21个地级市2011—2014年的水资源利用效率分别进行了静态和动态分析。结果表明：广东整体水资源利用效率较高且区域之间有一定差异，其中深圳水资源利用效率以较大优势名列首位，而云浮则排在末位；各年度水资源利用效率虽有波动但幅度较小，多数区域的水资源利用效率呈现稳定温和上升趋势；根据效率分析结果，可将广东全省划分为追赶型、成长型、稳健型、保持型4类区域。进一步研究发现，产业结构和行业类型对水资源利用效率有一定程度的影响，第一、二产业占比较高或高耗能行业占比较高均会影响本地水资源利用效率。根据区域特色发展电子商务和旅游业等现代服务业是产业结构调整的重要途径。

关键词 水资源利用效率；数据包络分析；产业结构；现代服务业

中图分类号 S-9 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）02-0230-05

Abstract Based on the data of Guangdong Statistical Yearbook，the utilization efficiency of water resources respectively from the static and dynamic perspective of the 21 prefecturelevel cities in Guangdong from 2011 to 2014 was analyzed by DEAMalmquist model.The results showed that：the overall efficiency of Guangdong was at a high level and there were some differences between regions.The utilization efficiency of water resources in Shenzhen was in the first place with great advantage，while Yunfu was ranked in the final.The efficiency between years varied within a small range.The utilization efficiency of water resources in most regions showed a stable and moderate upward trend.Based on the analysis of the efficiency，Guangdong Province was divided into four types of regions，such as catchup type，growth type，steady type and maintain type.This paper further explored the impact of industrial structure and type on the utilization efficiency of water resources.The proportion of the primary industry and the secondary industry would influence the local utilization efficiency of water resources in a certain degree as well as the proportion of high energy consuming industries.Developing the modern service industry such as electronic commerce and tourism industry according to the regional characteristics is an important way to adjust the industrial structure.

Key words Utilization efficiency of water resources；Data envelopment analysis；Industrial structure；Modern service industry

我國是全球人均水资源最贫乏的国家之一，经济的高速发展也带来了严重的环境污染问题，其中水资源污染（包括地表水和地下水）尤为突出，已成为制约经济和社会发展的主要瓶颈。为了更好地保护利用水资源，提高水资源利用效率，2015年4月2日国务院印发《水污染防治行动计划》（简称“水十条”），要求各政府部门切实行动，“实现环境效益、经济效益与社会效益多赢，为建设‘蓝天常在、青山常在、绿水常在的美丽中国而奋斗”。在“水十条”中，提高用水效率是一大亮点。

广东省是我国经济和人口大省，根据《中国统计年鉴》数据，2013年广东省地区生产总值达到62 164亿元，位居全国31个直辖市、省、自治区第一；……