万越 张黎明 朱显灵

摘要 根据2011—2015年湘西州烟草生产收购数据，对湘西各县烟农种植规模及其变化进行了分析。结果表明，湘西不同县份烟农种植规模差异明显，变化不同。2011—2014年，保靖、凤凰、古丈、花垣、龙山、永顺6个县烟农种植规模稳步上升，增长明显；但泸溪县烟农户均种植规模几乎逐年下降，2015年为湘西州总体和户均烟叶生产规模最小县。不同烟农种植规模相差几百倍，种烟规模0.7 hm2以下的烟农占50%。尽量减少小户比例是提高湘西烟农户均规模的有效途径，综合环境条件是影响烟叶生产面积和户均规模的重要因素，人为选择和干预对烟叶生产整体和户均规模有直接决定作用。

关键词 烤烟；烟农；生产规模；湘西

中图分类号 S-9 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）02-0223-04

Abstract Based on production and purchase data of tobacco in Xiangxi during 2011-2015， we analyzed the production scales of tobacco farmer and the changes of different counties in Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture. The results showed that tobacco farmers production scales of different counties varied considerably and changed differently. Farmers production scale of 6 counties as Baojing， Fenghuang， Guzhang， Huayuan， Longshan， Yongshun during 2011-2014 increased steadily， while farmers production scale of Luxi County decreased steadily and reached the smallest in 2015. Production scales among farmers varied greatly， the largest scale was hundres times as that of the smallest one， the scale of tobacco less than 0.7 hm2 accounted for 50% of total. Reducing small farmers would be the efficient way of increasing average production scale， composite environment condition was the main factor that determines total and farmers production scale， human selection and interference were the direct factors that affect total and farmers production scale.

Key words Fluecured tobacco；Tobacco farmer；Production scale； Xiangxi

湘西土家族苗族自治州位于湖南省西北部，地处湘、鄂、黔、渝4省市交界处。以山原山地为主，境内多有丘陵和少量小平坝[1]。气候和土壤比较适宜烟草种植[2-3]，常年种植烤烟1.26万～1.69万hm2，烟叶产量2.15万～3.53万t。但由于湘西地处武陵山区，受地形地貌、土壤条件和其他基础条件的影响，烟农生产规模有限，大量烟农种植面积不足0.67 hm2，产出有限，经济效益不高。自2011年开始，湘西州致力于通过土地转让和租赁等多种方式发展种植大户，提高烟农户均种植规模[4]。全州烟农户均种植面积从0.67 hm2左右提高到1.33 hm2左右，增加了近1倍，超過了湖南省和全国平均水平，取得了显著的成效。

湘西全州有7个县种烟，由于各个县自然条件、经济基础和技术水平相差较大，因此各县烟农户均生产规模并不相同。……