我国农村养老保险制度发展与“新农保”实施现状综述
2017-07-13杨致瑗
杨致瑗
摘要 从简介国外农村养老保险制度入手,对我国农村养老保险制度从“老农保”“新农保”到“城居保”的发展轨迹进行梳理,并重点从参保情况、资金筹集、财政责任划分和政策效应等方面对“新农保”的实施情况进行了综述,发现“新农保”实施中存在缺乏对政策的定量分析、对城乡养老保险并轨未来走向的分析等问题,并且不同学者研究结果矛盾性较强。
关键词 农村养老保险制度;参保决策;基金筹集运营;政策效应
中图分类号 S-9 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2017)02-0218-03
Abstract The foreign rural pension insurance system was introduced briefly, then the development of Chinas rural endowment insurance system was reviewed from the “old rural endowment insurance” to “new rural endowment insurance” then to “cityrural endowment insurance”.The implementation of the “new rural endowment insurance” was analyzed based on four aspects such as system development, insurance coverage, fund operation and the policyimplementing effection. The results showed that the existing research was lacking both of the quantitative analysis of existing policy and the research of promoting the integration of urban and rural endowment insurance, and different scholars had contradictory results.
Key words Rural endowment insurance system;Insurance decision making;Fund raising operation;Policy effect
我國正逐步进入老龄化社会,养老问题一直是人们关注的热点问题。根据2010年《第六次全国人口普查主要数据公报(第1号)》可知,65岁及以上人口为11 883.170 9万,占8.87%,比第五次人口普查时上升1.91个百分点。而根据第五次人口普查结果,农村老年人口约占全国老年人口的2/3,农村65岁以上人口占农村总人口的7.35%,城市为6.30%。加上农村青壮年人口外流,农村老龄化问题城市必然更加突出。养老保险制度关系到每个人的利益,对于一直以家庭养老为主的农村居民来说,随着年轻劳动力的外流,以及计划生育导致的家庭小型化,家庭养老功能逐渐弱化,加之他们收入水平和稳定性比城镇居民低,老年后的生活来源更难以保证,养老保险对他们而言分量更重。由此可见,我国完善和发展农村养老保险制度对于改善农村居民生活水平、缩小城乡差距、打破城乡二元结构、促进社会公平等意义重大。
西方国家早在100多年前就建立起农村养老保险制度,到目前为止发展较为成熟,经验丰富。……
