孟雪靖 周诗丹 杨永健

摘要 基于对生态补偿机制的理论分析，以黑龙江省农业水资源补偿为研究对象，对粮食主产区与粮食消费地的生态补偿进行博弈分析。结果表明，在没有外在强制力情况下，博弈结果难以达成（补偿，投资）协议，无法实现合作；即使达成生态补偿合作协议，也必须要有中央政府的参与。在博弈结果的基础上，确定农业水资源生态补偿的主体为中央政府和粮食消费地政府，补偿客体为黑龙江省政府；补偿标准应满足：消费地政府对粮食主产区政府的生态补偿费用（P）+ 中央政府对粮食主产区政府的生态补偿费用（Pc）+主产区政府投资保护农业水资源所带来的生态收益（R2）>主产区政府投资保护农业水资源的成本和丧失的机会成本（I）。

關键词 农业水资源；生态补偿；政府间博弈

中图分类号 S-9 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）02-0213-05

Abstract Based on the theoretical analysis of ecological compensation mechanism，taken the compensation of agricultural water resources in Heilongjiang Province as the research object，game between major grain producing areas and grain consumption areas was analyzed.The results showed that the game results were difficult to reach （compensation， investment） when lack of external forces， then could not achieved cooperation.The agreement could only be achieved to cooperative status when the central government participated. Based on the results，the main compensation subject parts were the central government and governments of grain consumption areas，the compensation object part was government of Heilongjiang；compensation standard should meet：the ecological compensation for the government of major grain producing areas from government of consumption areas（P）+ the ecological compensation for the government of major grain producing areas from central government（Pc）+the ecological benefits of the government of main producing areas invested protection of agricultural water resources（R2）> the cost of the government of main producing areas invested protection of agricultural water resources and the lost opportunity cost（I）.

Key words Agricultural water resources；Ecological compensation；Intergovernmental game

黑龙江省是我国重要的粮食主产区，近年来，其粮食生产总量以及粮食调出量位居全国第一，为保障我国粮食安全做出了巨大贡献。然而，随着耕地面积的不断扩大，灌溉水资源的大量消耗与农业面源污染的加剧，引发一系列生态环境问题：小兴安岭山地向松嫩平原过渡地带的水土流失严重，三江平原地下水位下降，松嫩平原湿地面积锐减、生物多样性减少等，严重制约了黑龙江省农业经济的可持续发展，对国家粮食安全造成威胁。对于黑龙江省政府来说，用于农业灌溉的水资源丧失了发展高利润产业的机会，而高利润产业对地方财政收入及区域经济发展的贡献最为明显。此外……