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工商资本下乡对农地流转及利用的影响分析

2017-07-13胡博文

安徽农业科学 2017年2期

胡博文

摘要 基于南京市锁石村的调研,运用对比分析法、极大化法、极小化法、熵值法,通过对暂无与存在工商资本下乡地区的对比,探究工商资本下乡对农地流转及利用(包含经济效益、生态效益)的影响。结果表明,工商资本下乡会促使农地加速流转,而农地的大面积流转会吸引工商资本;工商资本下乡在带来经济效益的同时,农药化肥的过量使用可能会导致土壤质量下降。工商资本在考虑经济收益同时应约束农药、化肥的用量,以促进农地的可持续利用。

关键词 工商资本下乡;农地流转;农药;化肥

中图分类号 F301.2 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2017)02-0206-03

Abstract Based on the survey in Suoshi Village in Nanjing,with the methods of comparative analysis,maximization,minimization and entropy analysis,the impacts of business capital to the rural on farmland transfer and utilization(including ecological and economical benefits) was explored by comparing the rural with and without business capital.The results showed that business capital to the rural would accelerate the transfer of farmland, and the large area of farmland transfer would attract business capital to the rural.While business capital brought greater economic benefits,lots of pesticides and fertilizers may led to soil quality decreasing.Business capital should use pesticides and fertilizers in moderation when taking economic benefits,in order to keep the sustainable use of farmland.

Key words Business capital to the rural;Farmland transfer;Pesticide;Fertilizer

中共十八届五中全会公报提出,要鼓励和支持工商资本进入农村投资农业,重点从事农民干不了、干不好、干起来不经济的领域,把一般种养环节留给农户,是带动农民而非代替农民[1]。工商资本下乡是指在二、三产业发展中积累的物质资源流转到农村或农业生产之中,从事与农业相关的生产活动[2]。该研究中的“工商资本下乡”具体指公司或企业到农村从事与农业相关的活动。目前工商资本下乡对农地流转和利用的影响利弊共存[3]。流转土地实行规模经营、开发优质农产品等提升了农地总产出,增加了农产品的社会供给,推动了农业的现代化进程,但也存在一些公司或企业借助地方政府的招商引资政策,大肆圈占农民耕地,土地流转期过长,甚至擅自改变用途,出现土地非农化、非粮化等现象[4],在获取经济收益的同时往往缺乏粮食保护意识,忽视生态环境建设。……

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