袁明 余永富 余德会

摘要[目的]研究异形玉叶金花实生苗移栽生长节律。[方法]对异形玉叶金花1年生实生苗进行移栽试验，进行为期1年的生长节律观测及病虫害观察研究。[结果]异形玉叶金花移栽成活率高达100%，移植1年苗高有2次生长高峰，平均苗高68.20 cm，平均苗高生长量54.28 cm；地径生长有3次生长高峰，平均地径0.642 cm，地径年生长量为0.409 cm；虫害主要为食叶害虫，分别为污灯蛾、金毛虫、鬼脸天蛾3种。[结论]该研究可为异形玉叶金花人工促繁和保护提供科学依据。

关键词 异形玉叶金花；实生苗；移植

中图分类号 S723.3 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）02-0177-02

Abstract[Objective] To study the growth rhythm of transplanted seedlings of Mussaeda anomala. [Method] Oneyear old seedlings of M. anomala were transplanted， the growth rhythm， plant diseases and insect pests were observed for one year.[Result] M. anomala transplanting survival rate reached 100%. There were 2 growth peaks in the height growth of transplanted seedlings for 1 year， the average seedling height was 68.20 cm， and the annual increment was 54.28 cm； There were 3 peaks in ground diameter growth， the average ground diameter was 0.642 cm， the annual increment was 0.409 cm； Three kinds of defoliator were found including Spilarctia lutea， Prothesiasimiiesxanthocampa， Acherontia lachesis. [Conclusion] The study can provide scientific basis for artificial promoting propagation and protection of M. anomala.

Key words Mussaeda anomala；Seedling；Transplanting

異形玉叶金花（Mussaeda anomala）为茜草科玉叶金花属攀援灌木，为我国特有、濒临灭绝的珍稀植物，国家I级重点保护植物，是我国玉叶金花属中极少见的种类。该属多数种类萼檐的裂片常是1枚扩大成花瓣状，而异形玉叶金花萼檐的5枚裂片都扩大成白色花瓣状[1]，形态特殊，具有重要的科研价值。自1936年首次在广西大瑶山发现并釆得标本后几近绝迹[2]。同时，异形玉叶金花分布区域狭窄，仅在广东禄丰县、广西大瑶山及贵州东南部的从江、榕江、黎平、荔波等地有分布。且种群数量极为稀少，在多个原记载分布地已绝迹。近年来，经多次调查，异形玉叶金花在贵州分布区的植株总数不超过60株。有关异形玉叶金花的研究主要有早期的分类学、资源调查等方面。邓维先等[3]对异形玉叶金花果实进行不同部位抗氧化活性研究，余永富等[4-5]进行了扦插繁殖试验研究。……