汪雪飞 夏润玺 王雅婷

摘要[目的]探讨4种农田常用除草剂对家蚕生长发育和产茧的影响，筛选适宜的桑园除草剂。[方法]采用毒叶添食法研究目前常用除草剂莠去津、烟嘧磺隆、硝磺草酮和草甘膦对家蚕生长发育及茧质的影响。[结果]莠去津对家蚕的毒性最大，取食毒叶第7天全部死亡；烟嘧磺隆对家蚕的毒性也较大，家蚕的死亡率高达80%，虽然有部分蚕能够泌丝结茧，但所结茧的茧质极差；硝磺草酮和草甘膦毒性较小，家蚕的存活率超过70%，大部分都能泌丝结茧；硝磺草酮和草甘膦低浓度处理基本不影响茧质，而高浓度处理降低了家蚕茧的全茧量和茧层量，对茧长和茧幅基本无影响。[结论]莠去津和烟嘧磺隆对家蚕毒性大，不适宜用于桑园除草；低浓度硝磺草酮和草甘膦对家蚕相对安全。

关键词 除草剂；家蚕；死亡率；茧质；生长发育

中图分类号 S482.4 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）02-0174-03

Abstract[Objective] The aim was to explore effects of four common herbicides on the growth of silkworm to screen out suitable mulberry field herbicide.[Method] We studied effects of four common herbicides like atrazine，nicosulfuron，mesotrione and glyphosate on the growth and cocoon quality of silkworm.[Result] The atrazine had the maximum toxicity to silkworm，and all silkworm fed with poisonous leaf died in seven days.The nicosulfuron had relatively heavy toxicity to silkworm，and the mortality of silkworm reached 80%；although some silkworm could secrete silk cocoon，the cocoon was very bad.Both mesotrione and glyphosate had light toxicity to silkworm，and the survival rate of silkworm was over 70%，furthermore most silkworm could secrete silk cocoon.The low concentrations of mesotrione and glyphosate almost had no effect on cocoon quality，while high concentrations of mesotrione and glyphosate could reduce whole cocoon weight and cocoon layer amount of silkworm，but had no influence in length and width of cocoon.[Conclusion] The atrazine had nicosulfuron large toxicity to silkworm，so they were not suitable mulberry field herbicide.The low concentrations of mesotrione and glyphosate were relatively safe to silkworm.

Key words Herbicides；Silkworm；Mortality；Cocoon quality；Growth

除草劑在现代农业生产中发挥的作用越来越大[1]，能够显著降低劳动成本，提高作物产量，从而增加农民的收入[2]。同时，除草剂大量使用易造成环境污染，影响粮食的品质和土壤环境，进而对动物和人体造成危害[3-4]。目前，东北地区农田常用除草剂莠去津、烟嘧磺隆、硝磺草酮和草甘膦等使用量越来越大，超量使用对土壤环境、土壤微生物和周边其他作物造成影响，有的甚至威胁动物和人类的健康[5-7]。

家蚕是重要的经济昆虫，是农业生态系统中对农药十分敏感的昆虫，也是我国农药登记中所列环境生态的非靶标生物之一，常用来评价新型农药毒性大小[8]。……