王重舒 韩云鹤 牛欢

摘要[目的]明确柞栎象幼虫与蒙古櫟果实的相互关系，探讨柞栎象危害的产卵机制。[方法]研究橡果大小与单枚橡果内寄生柞栎象幼虫的体重、数量之间的关系。[结果]单枚橡果中幼虫总体重与橡果重量符合负指数关系。由于较小的橡果不能提供满足柞栎象幼虫生长发育所需要的食物，所以寄生在较小橡果中的柞栎象幼虫不能生长到其潜在的大小。质量小于拐点的橡果，食物储量可以限制柞栎象幼虫的大小，在这个区间内橡果的子叶通常被柞栎象幼虫吃光；相反，质量大于拐点的橡果，由于食物储量丰富，导致柞栎象幼虫的大小很少被限制。[结论]试验结果为柞栎象无公害综合防治提供了理论依据。

关键词 橡果；柞栎象；幼虫；个体大小；食物制约

中图分类号 S763.38 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）02-0167-03

Abstract[Objective] The aim was to clear the relationship between Curculio dentipes larvae and acorn to explore spawning mechanism of Curculio dentipes harm.[Method] We studied the relationship between the quantity and quality of Curculio dentipes larvae in single acorn and acorn size.[Result] The relationship between larvae and acorn size was negatively exponential.Larval growth was constrained in small acorns，which did not provide enough food for the weevils to attain their potential size.Larval size increased and leveled off in acorns over a certain size （inflexion point），in which cotyledons were rarely depleted.When there were more than one larva per acorn，a larger acorn was necessary to avoid food depletion.[Conclusion] The results provide theoretical basis for pollutionfree comprehensive prevention and control of Curculio dentipes.

Key words Acorn；Curculio dentipes；Larva；Body size；Food constraints

栎属是温带落叶阔叶林的优势树种之一。吉林省以蒙古栎为建群种的蒙古栎林约1.7×106 hm2，种实产量1.0×106～1.5×106 t/a，可提取淀粉量2.5×105～3.5×105 t。如能充分利用其作为饲料或替代玉米生产工业乙醇，每年可节约大量玉米，对国家的粮食安全和能源安全意义重大。

柞栎象近年来发生严重，种实危害率超过60%，每年损失种实淀粉量1.5×105～3.0×105 t，也对蒙古栎的天然更新造成了极大影响。但目前对于柞栎象危害机制的研究相对较少。董钟[1]研究发现种子中所含虫卵数、幼虫寄生数量与橡子的长径和短径呈明显的正相关关系。于晓东等[2]对辽东栎进行研究，发现象虫寄生取食引起16.05%的种子能量损失，是影响辽东栎种群更新的关键因素之一。……