杨承乾

摘要[目的]研究N、P、K施用量对红花植物学性状及产量的影响。[方法]采用两因素随机区组设计，A因素为N、P、K 3种肥料，B因素为0、8、16、32、48 g/m2 5个肥料浓度，共15个处理。研究不同处理对红花的植物学性状及产量的影响。[结果]N肥促进红花株高和最长叶的叶面积，分别比CK增加11%、39%；N肥能够提高红花产量，比CK增加151%。P肥对红花最长叶的面积有一定影响，比CK增加12%；在施P的情况下共收获红花鲜重76.5 g，比CK减少17%。 K肥能够提高红花的花蕾数、分枝数和叶数，分别比CK增加15%、50%、8%；K肥能增加红花产量45%。在中等肥力条件下，分别施用N、P、K均可提高红花产量，N肥最佳施用量是440～460 kg/hm2，P肥最佳施用量是175～190 kg/hm2，K肥最佳施用量是140～160 kg/hm2。[结论]该研究为红花高产高效栽培和减少肥料污染提供参考依据。

关键词 氮肥；磷肥；钾肥；红花；产量；植物学性状

中图分类号 S56 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）02-0043-02

Abstract[Objective] To study the effects of N，P and K dosages on the yields and botanical characters of safflower.[Method] Two factors randomized block design was adopted，factor A included N，P，K fertilizers，and factor B included 0，8，16，32，48 g/m2 fertilizer concentrations，with a total of 15 treatments.The effects of different treatments on the botanical characters and yields of safflower were studied.[Result]N fertilizer promoted the safflower plant height and the leaf area of the longest leaf，increased by 11% and 39%，respectively，compared with CK；it also improved the yield of safflower by 151%.P fertilizer had a certain effect on the longest leaf area of safflower，and increased by 12% compared with CK；the total fresh weight of safflower was 76.5 g，which decreased by 17%.K fertilizer increased the number of buds，branches and leaves of safflower by 15%，50% and 8%，respectively；and it enhanced the yield of safflower by 45% compared with CK.Under the conditions of middle fertility，application of N，P or K could improve the yield of safflower.The optimal application dosages for N，P and K fertilizers were 440-460，175-190 and 140-160 kg/hm2，respectively.[Conclusion] This research provides references for the highyield and highefficiency cultivation of safflower with the reduction of fertilizer pollution.

Key words N fertilizer；P fertilizer；K fertilizer；Safflower；Yield；Botanical characters

红花（Carthamus tinctorius L.）为菊科、红花属植物，是一种油、药、饲料、天然色素、染料兼用的经济作物，市场前景广阔。红花别名红蓝花、刺红花，在国际上被称为“绿色食品”，主要用于药用、保健品、油料、食品色素、染料、油漆和化妆品等。世界各国都非常重视红花的生产及利用[1-3]。

随着人民的生活水平日益提高以及保健意识增强，人们对健康的追求也相应提高。红花有着巨大的营养保健价值，很高的经济价值和强大的市场需求。

王兆木等认为红花的产量受氮、磷不同用量及配比的影响。在施纯氮肥的基础上施磷肥，红花的产量先会随着磷肥用量的增加而增加，当达到某一值后会随着磷用量的增加而减少。……