鲍喜峰 陈红 钱筱明

摘要[目的]开展水溶性肥料应用效果研究，为大量元素水溶肥在设施黄瓜生产中的推广应用提供依据。[方法]通过大田生产试验，比较和分析不同施肥处理对黄瓜农艺性状、产量、经济效益等的影响。[结果]相比常规复合肥，大量元素水溶肥处理对黄瓜产量、早期产量和主蔓粗存在显著影响，对畸形瓜率存在极显著影响。[结论]施用大量元素水溶肥的黄瓜产量达113.06 t/hm2，比对照增加6.32%，效益提高0.79万元/hm2，增产增收效果明显。

关键词 大量元素水溶肥；黄瓜；产量；经济效益

中图分类号 S642.2 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）02-0032-02

Abstract[Objective] Application effect of macronutrient water soluble fertilizer on cucumber was researched， in order to provide basis for macronutrient water soluble fertilizer popularization grafred and application on cucumber in protected cultivation.[Method] The agronomic characteristics， yield and economic benefit between different fertilizer treatments were compared and analyzed in production test.[Result]Compared with the control， application of macronutrient water soluble fertilizer showed significant difference on yield， early yield and main vine diameter which showed extremely significant difference on the deformity melon rate.[Conclusion] The yield of cucumber by using macronutrient water soluble fertilizer is 113.06 t/hm2， which is 6.32% higher than that of control， the economic benefit increases 7 900 yuan/hm2，the effects of increasing output and income are obvious.

Key words Macronutrient water soluble fertilizer；Cucumber；Yield；Economic benefit

水溶性肥料（Water Soluble Fertilizer，WSF）是一类能够快速被水溶解或稀释用于灌溉施肥、叶面施肥、无土栽培、浸种、蘸根等途径的液体或固体肥料[1]。相比普通复合肥料，水溶性肥料具有吸收见效快、肥效利用高、可应用于水肥一体化等优点[2]。近年来，我国水溶性肥料发展迅速，逐渐形成大量元素水溶肥、微量元素水溶肥、含氨基酸水溶肥、含腐殖酸水溶肥等多种类型肥料。

大量元素水溶肥是指至少含有氮、磷、钾中2种大量元素，并含有钙、鎂中1种中量元素或以上的固体或液体肥料[3-4]。大量元素水溶肥具有全水溶性和高兼容性的特点，能实现灌溉施肥相结合，具有节水、节肥、省工、高效等特点[5]，因而被广泛应用于农业生产，特别是喷灌、滴灌、无土栽培等现代农业设施生产中。为推广适用于蔬菜水肥一体化专用水溶性肥料，集成示范水肥一体化技术，特引进上海永通喜冲冲系列大量元素水溶肥，结合设施黄瓜栽培灌溉制度，开展水溶性肥料应用效果研究，为水肥一体化技术推广应用提供依据。……