王强 彭国平 霍艳丽

摘要[目的]研究肥料种类和施肥量对虎杖药材质量的影响。[方法]在相同的土壤、大气、水分和周边小环境的条件下，采用正交试验法考察肥料类别和施肥量2个因素对虎杖质量的影响，同时与空白对照组进行比较，得出黔江地区虎杖最佳的肥料配比方案。[结果]在虎杖生长的出芽和拔节期，虎杖的肥料以腐熟的鸡粪和油菜枯为主，适量添加复合肥。在虎杖生长的中后期，以腐熟的油菜枯和鸡粪作为主要肥料，虎杖的产量增长快，有效成分的富集增加。[结论]油菜枯+鸡粪的肥料配方可以有效地提高虎杖根茎的产量，促进有效成分虎杖苷与大黄素的富集。因此，建议在虎杖栽培中施用油菜枯和鸡粪。

关键词 虎杖；肥料种类；施肥量；药材质量

中图分类号 S506.2 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）02-050-03

Abstract[Objective] To study effects of fertilizer types and fertilization amount on quality of medicinal materials of Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati.[Method]Under the conditions of the same soil，atmosphere，water and surrounding environment，the orthogonal test was carried out to study effects of fertilizer types and fertilization amount on quality of Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati.Meanwhile compared with control group，the optimal fertilizer ratio for Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati in Qianjiang Region was obtained.[Result] In the jointing stage and budding growth of Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati，thoroughly decomposedchicken manure and withered rape should be mainly applied adding with compound fertilizer.In the late growth of Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati，with thoroughly decomposedchicken manure and withered rape as main fertilizer，the production growth was fast and enrichment of active components increased.[Conclusion] Withered rape+chicken manure can effectively enhance the production of Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati，promote effective components polydatin and emodin enrichment.Therefore，withered rape+chicken manure is recommended to be used in cultivation of Reynoutria japonica.

Key words Rhizoma Polygoni Cuspidati； Fertilizer types； Fertilization amount； Quality of medicinal materials

虎杖是提取白藜蘆醇的主要原料，在虎杖栽培技术中，施肥是影响虎杖药材质量的主要因素之一，因此，研究施肥对虎杖药材质量的影响对虎杖的规范化栽培具有重要意义，也有利于提供质量稳定可靠的高品质药材[1]，同时虎杖野生资源得到保护。从20世纪70年代开始，虎杖人工种植技术就有报道。现有研究多集中于虎杖植物形态、生长习性、化学成分含量测定等方面[2-5]，而影响虎杖产量和品质的农艺栽培措施研究鲜见报道。笔者采用正交试验法考察肥料种类和施肥量2个因素对虎杖质量的影响，同时与空白对照组进行比较，研究施肥对虎杖产量和品质的影响[6-9]，得出黔江地区虎杖最佳的肥料配比方案，确定虎杖的施肥措施，为黔江地区虎杖的规范化栽培技术提供依据。……