周约 谢铁娜

摘要[目的]研究宁夏中部干旱区最适宜的硒砂瓜覆砂颜色。[方法]采用蒸发器整体称重法，以宁夏中卫南山台地区天然砾石为试材，研究不同颜色砾石覆盖对土壤蒸发的影响。[结果]不同颜色砾石覆盖处理的土壤日蒸发量由大到小依次为CK、 C3（紫色）、 C1（白色）、C2（青色）。同时，随着试验天数的增加，C1（白色）和C2（青色）处理的累积蒸发量的差别逐渐减小。不同颜色砾石覆盖下，累积蒸发量随蒸发时间呈幂函数增加的变化趋势，拟合曲线的相关系数均大于0.940 0。[结论]砾石覆盖可以有效减少蒸发，且浅色砾石对土壤水分蒸发的抑制效果比深色砾石更明显，其中紫色砾石覆盖的累积蒸发量最大，其次是白色砾石，青色砾石最小，而青色和白色砾石覆盖的土壤日蒸发量差别较小，累积蒸发量随蒸发时间呈幂函数增加。

关键词 不同颜色；砾石覆盖；土壤蒸发

中图分类号 S152.7+3 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）02-0143-03

Abstract[Objective] To study the most suitable colors of gravel covering for selenium sand melon in drought area of middle Ningxia.[Method] Using evaporator overall weighting method， the most suitable colors of gravel covering for selenium sand melon in Nanshantai Region in Zhongwei City were explored.[Result]The daily evaporation capacity order of different colors of gravel covering were as follows： CK> C3（ purple）> C1（ white ）> C2（ cyan ）.Meanwhile ，with the increase of test days under different colors of gravel covering，the difference of cumulative evaporation between C1（ while） and C2（cyan）decreased gradually. Under different colors of gravel covering，cumulative evaporation trend presented power function with evaporation time，the correlation coefficient of fitting curve was greater than 0.940 0.[Conclusion] The gravel covering can effectively reduce the evaporation，inhibition effect of dark gravel on soil water evaporation is more obvious than dark gravel.Cumulative evaporation of purple gravel covering is maximum，the second is white gravel， cyan gravel is minimum.The difference of soil evaporation between cyan and white gravel covering is smaller，and cumulative evaporation increases by power function alony with time.

Key words Different colors； Gravel covering； Evaporation

含礫石土壤在我国分布广泛，占我国土地资源的18%[1]。砾石覆盖是西北干旱半干旱地区的旱作农业耕作方式，能够改善小生境中土壤水分和热量条件以满足作物生长[2]。由于砾石覆盖在改善土壤环境、增加粮食产量、提高作物品质等方面具有显著作用，在许多国家和地区的农业生产领域得到广泛应用[3]。研究表明，砾石覆盖作为一项传统的覆盖技术，可以明显减少土壤蒸发，提高土壤含水量，增加作物产量和水分生产率[4-6]。国内研究者主要进行大田试验，室内试验很少，且较少关注砾石覆盖对蒸发过程的影响。虽然国……