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铜仁市松桃烟区土壤养分分析

2017-07-13龙鹏臻唐茂兴龙树明

安徽农业科学 2017年2期

龙鹏臻 唐茂兴 龙树明

摘要[目的]研究铜仁市松桃烟区土壤养分状况,为烤烟科学合理施肥提供参考。[方法]对铜仁市松桃县甘龙、盘石、盘信3个主栽烟区土壤取样分析,研究松桃烟区土壤养分状况。[结果]松桃县植烟土壤pH平均值为6.13,全县大部分烟区土壤酸碱度适宜烤烟生长;有机质含量相对欠缺,仅22.58%的土壤有机质含量大于40.00 g/kg;速效氮、速效磷、速效钾和水溶性氯的平均含量分别为70.46、10.55、115.12、15.90 mg/kg。[结论]针对松桃县土壤养分状况,甘龙、盘石大部分烟区应施行“控氮、稳磷 、稳钾、补施有机肥”,盘信烟区施行“控氮、增磷 、增钾、增施有机肥”的施肥措施;同时应根据实际情况,改善土壤酸碱度。

关键词 松桃烟区;土壤;养分状况

中图分类号 S158.3 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2017)02-0134-03

Abstract[Objective] To study soil nutrient status in Songtao tobacco area of Tongren City,in order to provide reference for scientific and reasonable fertilization of tobacco.[Method]The analysis of soil samples, including three main tobacco areas of Ganlong, Panshi, Panxin, was done, and soil nutrient status in Songtao tobacco area was studied.[Result] The results showed that pH average of soil planting tobacco was 6.13, and pH value was suitable for growth of fluecured tobacco for most of planting tobacco soil. Organic matter content was less, and only 22.58% of soil organic matter content was more than 40.00 g/kg;The average content of available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and water soluble chloride was 70.46, 10.55, 115.12 and 15.90 mg/kg, respectively.[Conclusion]For soil nutrient status of Songtao County, it was thought that “nitrogen charging, phosphorus stabling, potassium stable and organic fertilizer suppling” should be done for most of Ganlong and Panshi, “nitrogen charging, phosphorus increasing, potassium increasing and organic fertilizer suppling” should be done for Panxin.At the same time, soil pH condition should be improved according to the actual situation.

Key words Songtao tobacco area;Soil;Nutrient status

土壤是煙草种植的物质基础。烤烟生长的土壤范围虽然较广,但优质烤烟的生长发育对土壤理化性状有较严格的要求[1-2]。研究表明,不同土壤类型其养分含量水平和配比对烤烟产质量的形成具有重要影响[3-8]。松桃县是全国优质白肋烟生产基地,也是铜仁市特色优质烤烟种植区之一,主要集中在不同生态区域和不同土壤类型的甘龙、盘石、盘信3个烟区,年产烤烟5万t以上。松桃县位于贵州省东北部,27°49′40″~28°30′20″ E,108°35′20″~109°23′30″ N,东邻湖南省低山丘陵,北接重庆市中低山源,具有冬无严寒、春温多变、夏无酷暑、秋凉较快、四季分明、水热同季、年温差小的气候特点[9-10]。笔者利用2010—2014年所采集的松桃县不同烟区土壤样品化验结果,分析松桃县甘龙、盘石、盘信3个不同生态区域的植烟土壤养分含量,以期提高烤烟种植的肥料利用率和烟叶质量。……

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