APP下载

食用菌菌渣对盐潮土肥力的影响

2017-07-13刘玉明吕春花王亚杰

安徽农业科学 2017年2期

刘玉明 吕春花 王亚杰

摘要[目的]快速改良沿海土壤,提高耕地土壤肥力水平和理化性状,同时实现农业废弃物—食用菌菌渣的资源化利用。[方法]通过田间试验,研究食用菌菌渣代替部分无机肥对盐潮土肥力的影响。[结果]施用食用菌菌渣能降低土壤容重,改善土壤通气性和保水性,同时能显著提高土壤有机质、全氮和有效磷含量。[结论]食用菌菌渣能够改善土壤理化性质,提高土壤肥力,可作为有机肥原料或土壤改良剂。

关键词 食用菌菌渣;土壤肥力;有机质;理化性状

中图分类号 S158 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2017)02-0131-03

Abstract[Objective] The aim of the study was to improve the soil fertility,physical and chemical properties of cultivated soil, and to realize the utilization of mushroom residue.[Method]Effects of some inorganic fertilizers replaced by mushroom residue on soil fertility of salt tidal soil were studied by field experiment.[Result] The application of mushroom residue could decrease soil bulk density, improve soil aeration and water retention;Meanwhile, the application of mushroom residue could significantly increase the content of organic matter,total nitrogen,effective phosphorus.[Conclusion]Mushroom residue can improve soil physical and chemical properties, improve soil fertility, and can be used as the raw materials of organic fertilizer or soil conditioner.

Key words Mushroom residue;Soil fertility;Organic matter;Physical and chemical properties

菌渣是栽培食用菌后产生的剩余废料,我国食用菌栽培量大,据中国食用菌协会统计,2012年食用菌产量超过2 000万t[1],每年产生菌渣上百万吨,如不及时处理,势必造成严重的环境污染。盐城市东部耕地土壤发育于海相沉积母质,成土年代较短,多为盐潮土,母质与土壤中盐分含量较高,有機质含量偏低,有效磷明显不足,农业生产过程中需要施用大量有机肥料。

食用菌菌渣含有有机物和植物需要的矿质营养物质,易被作物吸收利用,且疏松多孔,可改善土壤孔隙度[2],促进土壤团粒结构的形成,在土壤中进一步分解形成具有良好通气蓄水能力的腐殖质[3],可改良土壤肥力。食用菌菌渣有机质、全氮和有效氮含量丰富,经过无害化处理后可作为肥料和堆肥原料[4-6]。菌糠中的养分能够为土壤微生物提供营养物质,作为微生物肥料载体[7],施入土壤可调节土壤微生物的数量和种类,从而改良土壤。……

登录APP查看全文