赵辉 廖玉芳 曾宇星

摘要 根据中国气象局2014年印发的《梅雨监测业务规定》中区域梅雨特征量划分标准，利用1960—2014年湖南梅雨监测区20站逐日气象资料，计算了湖南梅雨监测区1960—2014年的梅雨期入梅、出梅日期，以及梅雨期长度、梅雨量、梅雨强度等梅雨特征量，分析了梅雨特征量的气候特征以及与长江中下游型梅雨的关系。结果表明，湖南梅雨各特征量存在顯著的年际变化特征，但各特征量在不同时段具有不同的变化趋势；湖南湘中以北地区梅雨是客观存在的，梅雨特征量能较好地反映监测区域的夏季雨季特征，且与长江中下游型梅雨有密切的联系。

关键词 梅雨特征量；气候特征；新标准；湖南

中图分类号 S162.2 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）34-0196-05

Abstract According to the division standard of Meiyu features quantity in the Meiyu Monitoring Business Regulations issued by China Meteorological Administration in 2014，using the daily meteorological data of 20 stations in Meiyu monitoring area from 1960 to 2014， the Meiyu feature quantities such as Onsets， ending，length，rainfall and intensity of Meiyu from 1960 to 2014 were calculated，the climatic characteristics of the Meiyu feature quantities and its relationship with the Meiyu in the middlelower reaches of the Yangtze River were analyzed.The result showed that there were significant interannual variances in the Meiyu feature quantities in Hunan Province，but the feature quantities had different trends in different periods.Meiyu was an objective existence in the middlenorth region of Hunan Province. Meiyu feature quantities could reflect the characteristics of rainy season in summer about the monitoring area，and had close relation with Meiyu in the middlelower reaches of the Yangtze River.

Key words Meiyu feature quantities；Climatological characters；New standard；Hunan

与副热带季风密切相关的梅雨现象对长江中下游的夏季旱涝有着重要的影响，梅雨地区的生产、生活与出梅、入梅的早晚及梅雨量的多少密切相关[1-3]。长期以来，关于梅雨的划定既是我国天气气候学领域关心的学术问题，又是气象部门关注的业务问题。自20世纪80年代以来，我国气象界围绕梅雨的入梅、出梅标准问题进行了探讨，至今未能取得统一的认识，梅雨指标的划分因地域或侧重点的不同存在多种划分方法：或以天气（降水）实况作为确定入梅、出梅标准，或以大气环流特征为标准，或者二者兼顾[4-14]。划分方法不同，导致不同地区出梅、入梅时间、梅雨期等存在较大差异。

根据梅雨的气候概念，位于长江中游南岸的湖南，尤其