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温度对黑点切叶野螟发育和取食量的影响

2017-07-13武怀恒褚世海万鹏

安徽农业科学 2017年34期

武怀恒 褚世海 万鹏

摘要 [目的]探讨温度对黑点切叶野螟发育和取食量的影响,为利用黑点切叶野螟防治空心莲子草提供基础数据。[方法]以空心莲子草为食料,系统研究了不同温度对黑点切叶野螟幼虫发育历期、取食量和日平均取适量的影响。[结果]在试验温度范围内,随温度的升高,黑点切叶野螟幼虫的发育历期缩短,取食量增加,日平均食叶量增加。在17、22、27、32 ℃恒温下幼虫的历期分别为(53.84±2.70)、(22.02±0.74)、(14.48±0.08)、(10.97±0.57) d,取食量分别为(51.85±11.18)、(229.07±53.41)、(323.71±111.37)、(174.76±35.76) mg,日平均取食量分别为(0.96±0.21)、(10.40±2.42)、(22.36±7.69)、(15.93±3.26) mg/d。当温度达到37 ℃后,黑点切叶野螟无法完成生活史。[结论]综合研究结果来看,黑点切叶野螟的最适发育温度为27 ℃。

關键词 黑点切叶野螟;温度;发育历期;食叶量

中图分类号 S45 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2017)34-0160-02

Abstract [Objective] The aim was to explore effects of temperature on development and leaf consumption of Herpetogramma basalis (Walker) to provide reference for controlling Alternanlhera philoxeroiders (Mart.) by using Herpetogramma basalis (Walker). [Method] Development duration, leaf consumption and daily leaf consumption of Herpetogramma basalis (Walker) under various temperatures on a Alternanlhera philoxeroiders (Mart.) diet were studied. [Result] Results showed that within the experimental temperatures (except 37 ℃), the development duration decreased, leaf consumption and daily leaf consumption were increased with the increase of temperature. At the constant temperature of 17 ℃,22 ℃,27 ℃,32 ℃, respectively, the development duration of larvae were (53.84±2.70) d, (22.02±0.74) d, (14.48±0.08) d and (10.97±0.57) d, respectively;the leaf consumption were (51.85±11.18) mg,(229.07±53.41) mg,(323.71±111.37) mg and (174.76±35.76) mg, respectively;the daily leaf consumption were (0.96±0.21) mg, (10.40±2.42) mg, (22.36±7.69) mg and (15.93±3.26) mg, respectively. If the experimental temperature was more than 37 ℃, Herpetogramma basalis (Walker) could not finish life history. [Conclusion] The most suitable growth temperature for Herpetogramma basalis (Walker) is 27 ℃.

Key words Herpetogramma basalis (Walker);Temperature;Development duration;Leaf consumption

空心莲子草[Alternanlhera philoxeroiders(Mart.)Grisb]又名水花生、喜旱莲子草、革命草、空心苋、螃蜞菊、猪笼草,是苋科(Amaranthaecae)莲子草属(Alternanthera)多年生宿根草本植物,具有不定根系,茎节能生根,有分枝,可在旱地(陆生型)和水域中(水生型)生长,具有繁殖迅速、适应性强等特点[1]。

空心莲子草起源于南美洲,现分布于南美洲、北美洲、亚洲东南部、欧洲南部和非洲东西部的部分国家和地区[2],为一种全球性的严重恶性杂草。其于1930年传入我国,现在全国范围内广泛分布,是我国公布的首批重要入侵物种之一[3]。

空心莲子草危害极大,主要表现在其能阻塞水上交通,降低作物产量,影响农田排灌,危害人畜健康,危及生物多样性,破坏生态环境,入侵公园、林地、草坪、河塘、河流、湖泊等风景名胜,影响旅游业[4]。……

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