2016年新疆一次大降水天气过程分析
2017-07-13徐腊梅许婷婷万瑜
徐腊梅 许婷婷 万瑜
摘要 利用中国气象局MICAPS资料,对2016年7月31日—8月2日新疆一次大范围的大降水天气的形势场、高低空配置、风场、云图、雷达特征及预报检验进行了分析。结果表明,造成这次大降水的主要形势场是南北两支低槽结合,存在高空偏西急流、中层偏南急流和850 hPa配合有偏东风,3支气流的维持加强,为大降水提供了充沛的水汽条件。降水区雷達回波维持时间长,存在辐合区,位置稳定;短时强降水的时段,有逆风区存在,回波顶高达到12 km。EC细网格预报72 h内在降水落区、降水量级、暴雨落区的位置和范围方面较WRF准确率高,但对伊犁北部降水量预报较实况量级偏小。
关键词 大降水;环流形势;风场;雷达回波;降水检验
中图分类号 S161.6 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2017)34-0189-07
Abstract Using the MICAPS data of China Meteorological Bureau, the situation field, high and low altitude configuration, wind field, cloud map, radar characteristics and forecast test of a wide range of heavy rainfall weather in Xinjiang from July 31 to August 2, 2016 were analyzed.The results showed that the main potential field of this heavy rainfall was the combination of the two lowtroughs in the north and the south, and there were highlevel westing jet stream, middlelevel south jet stream and 850 hPa with partial easterly winds,which provide plenty of water vapor conditions for heavy rainfall.The radar echo in the precipitation area was long and there was a convergence zone, and the position was stable;During short periods of heavy rainfall, there was a strong wind zone, and the echo top was as high as 12 km.EC fine grid forecast 72 h internal precipitation area, precipitation level, the location and range of rainstorm area were higher accuracy rate than that of the WRF forecast, but that of the northern part of Yili was relatively smaller than actual level.
Key words Heavy rainfall;Circulation situation; Wind field; Radar echo; Precipitation test
2016年7月31日—8月2日新疆自西向东多地出现了大范围降水,其中伊犁地区多站出现大暴雨,降水量位居历史首位。
许多学者对暴雨天气个例的分析进行了研究,并取得了一定的成果[1-5],吴波等[6]对一次暴雨过程数值预报性能检验进行了阐述。笔者借鉴以上学者的研究方法,从形势场、高低空配置、风场、云图、雷达特征及预报检验等方面,对2016年新疆的这次极端天气过程进行较为全面的分析,以期获得预报经验,提高新疆大降水预报能力,为防灾减灾提供理论依据。
1 天气实况
1.1 过程累积降水量
受中亚低槽东移影响,7月31日08:00—8月2日08:00北疆各地、天山山区、喀什、克州、阿克苏和巴州部分出现降水,其中北疆大部和克州……
