韩磊 赵罕

摘要 [目的]了解省沽油果实性状表型多样性变异规律。[方法]对河南桐柏县、湖北大悟县和安徽石台县省沽油各生长和结实性状进行调查分析，并对省沽油果柄长、果长、果宽、果厚和每果实种子数等指标的表型变异模式进行探讨。[结果]结实性状变异幅度较大的是每果序果实数和每果实种子数，其次是果厚，种子百粒重，果长和果宽相对较小。方差分析表明，省沽油果柄长、果长、果宽、果厚种源间差异均达到显著水平。方差分量分析表明，省沽油各性状种源间方差分量（0.14% ～ 9.10%）均小于种源内个体间（4.92%～40.55%）。[结论]在对省沽油结实性状进行选择时种源内的单株选择具有较好的选择效果。

关键词 省沽油；果柄长；果长；果宽；果厚

中图分类号 S789.5 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）34-0162-03

Abstract [Objective]To understand the phenotypic diversity law of Staphylea bumalda.[Method]Growth characters and fruit characters of Tongbai County in Henan，Dawu County in Hubei and Shitai County in Anhui of Staphylea bumalda were analyzed.The variation model of stalk length，fruit length，fruit width，fruit thickness and number of seeds per fruit in three populations were discussed.[Result]Fruit number per infructescence and seeds per fruit have a more significant variation range，the next were fruit thick and seed kernel weight，and fruit length and fruit width were followed.Variance analysis showed that stalk length，fruit length，fruit width，fruit thickness had a significant differences among provenances.By the analysis of variance components，the variance components among provenance （0.14%～9.10%） was less than the variance components among individual trees within provenances （4.92% ～ 40.55%）.[Conclusion]The better select method of Staphylea bumalda was individual selection within provenance.

Key words Staphylea bumalda；Stalk length；Fruit length；Fruit width；Fruit thickness

省沽油（Staphylea bumalda DC），又名珍珠花、水條，为省沽油科省沽油属植物。省沽油树适应性强，分布较为广泛，主要分布在亚洲东部的我国、日本和韩国。在我国从北方的黑龙江到南方的云南均有分布，集中生长在河南、湖北、安徽和四川等地[1-2]。省沽油是一种优良的灌木油料树种，树体生长迅速，结实周期短，树体矮化，盛果期植株树高一般在2 m左右，果实易采摘，同时花芽分化能力强，结果枝比例高，在营养充足的情况下，可达90%以上。省沽油种子出油率为30.4%，种仁出油率为59.4%，油脂中多不饱和脂肪酸含量占59.4%～67.7%，其中亚麻酸含量达到6.5%，属于亚麻酸类油脂，脂肪酸含量与核桃油和小麦胚芽油相似，具有较高的食用和保健价值[3-6]。……