农作物秸秆综合利用措施研究进展
2017-07-13张婷张一新向洪勇
张婷 张一新 向洪勇

摘要 围绕农作物秸秆综合利用的内涵,综述了农作物秸秆肥料化、饲料化、基料化、能源化、工业原料化5种利用措施和秸秆综合利用措施研究进展及存在的问题,总结了未来农作物秸秆综合利用措施研究的重点问题,包括加强秸秆肥料化培肥土壤的机制研究;重视秸秆综合利用配套机械装置及储运体系的改进和开发;利用秸秆资源产出各种副产品的单独过程加“环”组“链”技术改进和开发;区域秸秆综合利用措施开发和效益评价,旨在为秸秆综合利用措施的开发提供指导与借鉴。
关键词 肥料化;能源化;工业原料化;饲料化;基料化
中图分类号 S216.2 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2017)02-0080-06
Abstract This study explained the content of integrated straw utilization and summarized five ways of straw utilization (i.e.fertilizer,fodder,matrix,energy and industry material) and analyzed the research progresses and problems of the integrated straw utilization.Furthermore,it concluded four questions that needed further studies,i.e.research on the mechanisms of the improvement of soil fertility after straw returning,the improvement and development of agricultural machinery mating to straw utilization,the improvement and development of technology that can match different measures of integrated straw utilization,and the development of regional measures of integrated straw utilization and their benefit evaluation.The aim was to provide guidance and reference for development of measures of integrated straw utilization.
Key words Fertilizer;Energy;Industry material;Fodder;Matrix
我國是农业大国,农作物秸秆(以下简称“秸秆”)资源丰富。据统计,近年来我国秸秆年产量为7亿t左右,列世界之首,占全世界秸秆总量的30%左右[1]。随着农作物单产的提高,秸秆资源量也呈增加趋势[1-2]。秸秆中含有农作物生长所需的碳、氮、磷、钾、镁、钙、硫等多种营养元素和畜禽生长所需的纤维素、木质素、半纤维素等非淀粉类大分子物质,可以作为农业生产中重要的肥料、饲料资源[3]。我国年产秸秆肥量相当于350余万t氮肥、800余万t钾肥、80余万t磷肥[3]。秸秆是一种重要的生物质能源,我国年产秸秆热值相当于3.91亿t煤量[4]。因此,秸秆具有巨大的资源化利用潜力。长期以来,我国只注重农作物果实产量,而忽视对秸秆的资源化利用。传统农业生产中,秸秆主要用于农民生火做饭和饲养家畜,进而将产生的秸秆灰和家畜粪便作为有机肥还田。……
