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CMIP5RCP情景下汉江上游流域径流对气候变化的响

2017-07-13应聂晓丁玲玲

安徽农业科学 2017年2期

应聂晓 丁玲玲

摘要 以汉江上游流域为研究流域,建立SWAT分布式水文模型,以黄家港站1981—1990年月径流数据对模型进行校准和验证。采用CMIP5模式RCP 2.6、RCP 4.5 和 RCP 8.5情景下的输出数据集,利用率定好的SWAT模型模拟未来气候变化对研究流域径流的影响。结果表明,不同RCP情景下2021—2050年汉江上游流域平均气温、降水量、径流量较基准期都呈增加趋势,增幅从大到小依次为RCP 8.5、RCP 4.5、RCP 2.6,并且降水量的增幅均大于径流量的增幅。3种情景下冬季降水量和径流量均呈增加趋势,且增幅较大;春季降水量和径流量均呈减少趋势,RCP 4.5和RCP 8.5情景下减幅较大;夏季和秋季降水量和径流量均呈增加趋势,RCP 8.5情景下增幅较大,RCP 2.6情景下增幅较小。

关键词 气候变化;径流响应;CMIP5模式;SWAT模型;汉江上游流域

中图分类号 P339 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2017)02-0076-04

Abstract Based on the upper reaches of the Hanjiang Basin, a distributed hydrological SWAT model was established, and the monthly runoff in Huangjiagang station from 1981 to 1990 was used to calibrate and verify model parameters. Then based on the output data set under RCP scenarios (RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5) from the phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), the calibrated SWAT model was used to simulate the influence of future climate on the runoff of the upper reaches of the Hanjiang Basin.The analysis results show that compared with the baseline period, the average temperature, precipitation and runoff of the upper reaches of the Hanjiang Basin in the future period (2021-2050) will all increase under RCP scenarios, the amplification from large to small is in order as following: RCP8.5, RCP4.5, RCP2.6, but the increment amplitude of precipitation will be more than that of runoff. Precipitation and runoff will all increase greatly under RCP scenarios in winter, while precipitation and runoff will all decrease under RCP scenarios in spring, with a larger decrease under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. And the precipitation and runoff will all increase under RCP scenarios in summer and autumn, with a larger increase under RCP8.5 and a smaller increase under RCP2.6.

Key words Climate change;Runoff response;CMIP5 climate model;SWAT model;The upper reaches of the Hanjiang Basin

全球氣候变化将改变流域的水文过程,直接或间接地影响流域的产流量和时空分布[1]。政府间气候变化专门委员会(Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,IPCC)最新报告显示,温室气体排放增加是导致20世纪气候变化的主要原因,未来在大气中CO2浓度倍增的情况下,全球平均气温将持续上升,某些地区的降雨量将出现较大幅度的波动,除部分区域外,干湿地区间和干湿季节间的降水差异将会增大,旱涝灾害的频率将会增加[2]。

汉江上游流域是南水北调中线工程水源区,2014年12月12日南水北调中线工程正式开闸通水,它对缓解受水区水资源短缺现状及改善受水区生态环境具有重要作用[3]。汉江上游流域未来水文水资源的演变规律将直接关系到南水北调中线工程运行的可靠性和水源区的水资源安全,是跨流域水资源调配与管理运行的重要依据[4]。……

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