四平市雾霾大气颗粒物污染特征和来源分析
2017-07-13孙玉伟祁昕刘烨
孙玉伟 祁昕 刘烨


摘要[目的]研究四平市雾霾天气发生时大气颗粒物污染特征。[方法]于2016年3月1日—4月20日对四平市大气颗粒物PM2.5、PM10和气体污染物进行采样,分析采样期间3次污染事件发生时大气颗粒物粒径分布特征,比较颗粒物与相关气体污染物的相关性,并对其来源进行分析。[结果]在3次污染事件中,PM10的平均浓度为339.9 μg/m3,是采样期间的3.0倍,是空气质量标准(GB 3095—2012)的2.0倍;在污染事件1(3月28日)和2(3月31日)发生时,PM2.5浓度也相应升高,分别是空气质量标准(GB 3095—2012)的1.2倍和1.4倍。污染事件1和污染事件2中,在粒径0.56~1.00 μm时颗粒物质量浓度出现峰值,而污染事件3(4月8日)并无相应的峰值出现。[结论]该研究为四平市大气污染防治提供理论依据。
关键词 PM2.5;PM10;污染事件;颗粒物粒径分布;来源分析
中图分类号 X831 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2017)02-0063-03
Abstract[Objective] To research pollution characteristic of atmospheric particulates when fog and haze occurred.[Method] A measurement program of PM2.5 and PM10 was undertaken in Siping City during March 1 to April 20 in 2016, atmospheric particles size distribution and correlations of atmospheric particles and gas pollutant were analyzed when air pollution accident occurred. In addition, the sources of atmospheric particles in air pollution accident were analyzed.[Result]In three air pollution accidents,the average concentration of PM10reached 339.9 μg/m3, which was 3.0 and 2.0 times respectively of sampling period and the air quality standard (GB 3095—2012). When air pollution accident 1 and 2 occured, the concentrations of PM2.5 also rose accordingly, which were 1.2 and 1.4 times respectively of air quality standard (GB 3095—2012).There were peak values when particle size ranged 0.56 to 1.00 μm in pollution accident 1 and 2.However, there was not response peak in pollution accident 3.[Conclusion]The study provides theoretical basis for the prevention and control of atmospheric pollution in siping city.
Key words PM2.5; PM10;Pollution accident;Particles size distribution;Source analysis
隨着我国经济的持续快速增长,大气颗粒物已成为大多数城市的首要污染物[1]。雾霾是空气污染和气象因素共同作用的结果,雾霾天气发生时,大气能见度下降,大气中的颗粒物特别是PM2.5是导致能见度降低的主要因素[2]。秋冬季是我国北方地区和中东部地区雾霾天气频发的季节,给人们的交通出行、生产生活以及身体健康造成严重的不良影响[3]。四平市地处松辽平原腹地,吉辽2省交界。为研究四平市大气颗粒物粒径分布特征和气体污染物的浓度水平,笔者于2016年3月1日—4月20日对四平市大气颗粒物和气体污染物进行采样,分析了雾霾发生时大气颗粒物粒径分布特征,并对其来源进行分析。……
