郝祥瑜 毛增辉 任华

摘要 [目的]研究几何形态学方法在研究蝶类昆虫种内居群间分化的可行性和有效性。[方法]以冰清绢蝶为研究对象，对我国冰清绢蝶主要地理分布区的10个地理居群共200个体翅脉脉相的相关指标进行研究，利用三维数码显微镜共测量、分析前后翅共计17种脉相的几何形态学性状（包括翅脉长度、翅脉两点间线段长度、中室面积等），再利用SPSS 21.0软件对筛选出的有效性状进行了统计和聚类分析。[结果]冰清绢蝶10个地理居群的形态分化和它们的地理分布之间存在明显的相关性；安徽滁州琅琊山的居群在聚类树上的位置较为特殊，没能显示出与其地理分布间的明显关联性。[结论]几何形态学分析方法在蝶类的种内分化研究中是一种十分有效的辅助手段。

关键词 冰清绢蝶；地理居群；翅脉特征；几何形态学；系统分类

中图分类号 Q964 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）34-0084-05

Abstract [Objective] The aim is to investigate the feasibility and validity of the method of geometric morphology in the study of the differentiation among populations of butterflies. [Method]With Parnassius glacialis as study object， related index of 200 individual venation in 10 geographic populations in major geographic regions were studied.Geometric morphological characters （including length of the venation，length of the line between two venation，area of the discal cell，etc.） of a total of 17 kinds of venation of forewings and hindwings were analyzed through threedimensional digital microscope，and then SPSS 21.0 software was used to carry out statistical analysis and cluster analysis on the selected effective characters. [Result] There was a significant correlation between morphological differentiation and geographical distribution of the 10 geographic populations of the Parnassius glacialis；since the location of the cluster in the clustering tree on Langya Mountain in Chuzhou Anhui was special，thus there was not a clear correlation between the geographical distribution. [Conclusion]Method of geometric morphology analysis is a very effective auxiliary means in the study of intraspecific differentiation of butterflies.

Key words Parnassius glacialis；Geographic population；Vein characteristics；Geometric morphology；Systematic classification

在傳统昆虫分类学中，昆虫的翅脉特征（脉相）是一个非常重要的分类学指标。翅脉特征不仅对昆虫的分类鉴定有重要意义，还可以应用于对昆虫的物种多样性、系统发生发育及昆虫在不良环境条件下所发生的变异程度的研究[1]。

几何形态学（Geometric morphometrics）是关于形态定量比较的科学计算工具，是用数学方法描述或分析一个图像形状结构的方法。其研究方法多种多样，但在技术路线上都需要先将形态数据数字化，再比对不同的样本。通过比对可以计算出样本之间的形状和大小差距。……