石治华 杨晓天 庄海燕

摘要[目的]探讨沼液施用量对甘蔗生长、产量及品质的影响，为畜禽养殖废物的资源化利用提供科学依据。[方法]以甘蔗品种台糖119号为材料，以施专用复合肥为对照，施用沼液肥替代总施肥养分量的100%、50%、25%为试验组进行田间试验。测定各处理土壤pH、有机质含量、甘蔗生长、产量和含糖量，分析各组的经济效益。[结果]3个处理的土壤有机质含量分别比对照提高了13.20%、10.15%和3.01%，pH比对照分别提升了0.34、0.29、0.08；新植甘蔗的出苗率分别比对照高15.1%、14.9%、7.7%，株高与对照相当，新植甘蔗的有效茎数比对照增加了20.6%、14.3%、2.2%；但茎径和单茎重低于对照；理论产糖量的增产率比对照分别达7.9%、9.8%和0.3%；销售收入比对照分别增加5 314.5、5 665.5、432.0元/hm2。综合生长、产量和田间锤度，施用占养分总量50%的处理产量、理论产糖量最高，经济效益较显著。[结论]复合肥配合施用沼液有利于甘蔗的生长、产量及品质的提高，沼液代替复合肥养分的最佳施用量为50%。

关键词 沼液；甘蔗；产量；品质；土壤理化性状

中图分类号 S566.1 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）02-0029-03

Abstract[Objective] To discuss the effects of biogas slurry doses on the growth，yield and quality of newplanting sugarcane，and to provide scientific references for the resource utilization of the waste of livestock and poultry breeding.[Method] With Taitang 119 as the material，and the application of special compound fertilizer as the control，field test was carried out using biogas slurry to take the place of 100%，50% and 25% total fertilizer.The soil pH，organic matter content，sugarcane growth，yield and sugar content were detected in each treatments.The economic benefits of each group were analyzed.[Result] Comapred with the control，soil organic contents in three treatments enhanced by 13.20%，10.15% and 3.01%；pH increased by 0.34，0.29，0.08.The seedling emergence rate of newplanting sugarcane enhanced by 15.1%，14.9% and 7.7%.However，plant heights of the three treatments were similar with that of control.The effective stem number of newplanting sugarcane increased by 20.6%，14.3% and 2.2%，but stem diameter and singlestem weight were poorer than those of the control.The increasing rates of theoretical sugar yield enhanced by 7.9%，9.8% and 0.3%；and sales revenues increased by 5 314.5，5 665.5 and 432.0 yuan/hm2.Considering the growth，yield and field brix，treatment of 50% biogas slurry had the highest yield and theoretical sugar yield，and relatively significant economic benefit.[Conclusion] Combined application of compound fertilizer and biogas slurry is helpful to the improvement of growth，yield and quality of sugarcane.And the optimal dose was replacing 50% compound fertilizer by biogas slurry.

Key words Biogas slurry；Sugarcane；Yield；Quality；Soil physicochemical properties

甘蔗是廣西种植面积最大的经济作物，近年来广西甘蔗种植面积维持在 100万hm2左右，约占广西总耕地面积的20%[1]，每年需施用大量肥料以满足甘蔗的生产需求。沼液是畜禽粪便和农作物秸秆等有机废弃物厌氧发酵产沼气后的残留液，是一种优质的有机肥料，含有机质36%～49%，腐殖酸10.1%～24.6%，粗蛋白5%～9%，全氮0.4%～0.6%，磷0.65%，钾0.6%～1.2%[2]。虽然沼液作为优质、高效的无公害有机肥料已应用于多种作物的生产中[3-4]，但沼渣沼液的处理还存在着许多问题[5-6]，特别是沼气池连续排放数量巨大的沼液，远远超过作物季节性施肥消纳能力，有大量的沼液无法及时农用，这给环境保护带来了巨大压力。……