苏南丘陵地区葡萄生长发育规律调查与研究
2017-07-13赵凤丽岳建芳李家云
赵凤丽 岳建芳 李家云
摘要 [目的]研究苏南丘陵地区不同生态型、不同熟期葡萄生长发育规律。[方法]从9株生长相似的5年生植株上,选取葡萄主枝上前、中、后部的3根枝条,调查主要物候期,测定萌芽率、新梢长度、新梢直径、落花落果情况、花序长度、果实品质等。[结果]中早熟品种的萌芽期均早于晚熟品种,白罗莎里奥和夏黑萌芽率高于巨峰和魏可,白罗莎里奥的花序最长;魏可的果实硬度、可滴定酸高于其他品种。[结论]该研究可为苏南丘陵地区葡萄生产提供实践依据。
关键词 葡萄;生长;果实品质;物候期
中图分类号 S663.1 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2017)34-0027-05
Abstract [Objective]Growth regulation of grapes with different ecotypes and ripening periods was studied in hilly area of South Jiangsu. [Method] 27 shoots of the tip, middle and rear on the main boughs were selected from 9 plants with 5year old and growing similarly. The main phenological period,germinationpercentage, new shoot length, new shoot diameter, inflorescence length, blossom&fruitdrop and fruit quality were investigated. [Result] Germination period of early and midmaturation varieties was earlier than latematuration ones. Germination percentage of Rosario Bianco and Summer Black was higher than that of Kyoho and Wink, inflorescence length the longest. Fruit hardness and titratable acid of Wink were higher than other varieties.[Conclusion]The study can provide practical basis for grape production in hilly area of South Jiangsu.
Key words Grape;Growth;Fruit quality;Phenological period
葡萄(Vitis vinifera L.)是世界最古老的果树树种之一,在农业发展中占有重要地位[1-2]。江苏省葡萄种植面积已突破4万hm2,形成以江阴黄土镇、句容丁庄镇、高邮界首镇、东海石梁河等葡萄特色发展小镇,葡萄成为当地农业增效、农民增收的主导产业之一[2]。前人主要从栽培技术[3]、抗逆性[4-7]、分子生物学[8-11]等方面对葡萄进行了研究与探索,但是对葡萄生长发育的基础性研究不多。
近年来,苏南丘陵地区葡萄种植面积呈现快速增长态势,引进了不同生态类型的新品种。目前,种植户对新品种特性的认识较浅,生产管理的风险增加,因此,有必要对不同生态类型的葡萄生长发育规律进行调查与研究,为当地葡萄生产提供实践依据。
1 材料与方法
1.1 材料
选取江苏农林职业技术学院试验基地种植的5年生葡萄,供试品种为夏黑(欧美种,早熟,黑色)、白罗莎里奥(歐亚种,晚熟,黄绿色)、魏可(欧亚种,晚熟,黑色)、巨峰(欧美种,中熟,黑色)4个品种。……
