邵千顺 杨琳

摘要 [目的]对鹰嘴豆种质资源进行筛选及多样性分析。[方法]采用主成分分析、聚类分析等方法，通过5个产量相关因子研究鹰嘴豆遗传多样性并筛选优质种质资源。[结果]多样性指数最高的是百粒重，其次是粒型；性状变异系数最大的是株型，其次是单株粒数。主成分分析表明，主要信息集中在6个主成分，其累计贡献率达84.48%；通过聚类分析将50份鹰嘴豆在欧氏距离1.059 2处划分为4类，第一类百粒重最大，即籽粒较大；第二类株高最高，产量居中；第三类各性状都相对居中；第四类株高最低，单株荚数和单株粒数最大。[结论]该研究为鹰嘴豆的开发利用提供理论支撑。

关键词 鹰嘴豆；种质资源；多样性

中图分类号 S529 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）34-0016-04

Abstract [Objective] To screen the Cicer arietinum germplasm resources，and to carry out their diversity analysis.[Method] Five yield correlation factors were used to research the genetic diversity of C.arietinum and to screen the highquality germplasm resources by Principal Component Analysis，Cluster Analysis and so on.[Result] 100grain weight had the highest diversity index，followed with grain shape.Plant type had the highest coefficient of character variation，followed with grains per plant.Results of Principal Component Analysis showed that the major information was concentrated in 6 principal components，and thier accumulative contribution rate reached 84.48%.50 samples of C.arietinum were divided into four types at 1.059 2 Euclidean distance by Cluster Analysis.The first type had the greatest 100grain weight，and the grains were relatively big.The second type had the greatest plant height and middle yield.The characters of C.arietinum in the third type were in the middle.The fourth type had the lowest plant height，but the greatest pods per plant and grains per plant.[Conclusion] This research provides theoretical support for the development and utilization of C.arietinum.

Key words C.arietinum；Germplasm resources；Diversity

鹰嘴豆（Cicer arietinum）起源于亚洲西部和近东地区，是继大豆之后第二大重要的谷物豆类[1]，鹰嘴豆耐旱[1-2]、耐鹽碱[3]、抗病和抗虫，适宜在冷凉地区种植[4]，目前分布于全球 89.89%的地区，产量占这些地区的 86.73%。在我国，鹰嘴豆种植面积最大的区域是新疆[5]，其次在甘肃青海等地也有分布。

鹰嘴豆育种始于印度（1905年），之后全球多个国家先后开始鹰嘴豆育种，并在抗病、抗旱育种等方面取得了一定成果[6]。但我国在鹰嘴豆育种方面进展缓慢。种质资源是育种工作的基础，了解资源遗传多样性、筛选优质种质资源可为鹰嘴豆新品种选育提供亲本选择的基础。韩文革等[7]利用聚类分析方法研究8个鹰嘴豆品种的亲缘关系，并将8个品种聚为3类。张金……