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基于“3S”技术的“安苓”道地生境提取

2017-07-13田罗周文佐何万华伦丹刘东红

中国中药杂志 2017年12期
关键词:生态研究

田罗+周文佐+何万华+伦丹+刘东红

[摘要] “逆境”是道地中药材药理成分形成的主要原因之一,“逆境”提取是中药材估产、质量监测、培植区位选择以及道地性保护的前提。该研究结合3S(GIS,RS,GPS)技术,耦合“安苓”多源关键生态因子信息,首次利用生物间寄生关系,并对随季节显著变化的气温条件进行了季节细分,提取寄生种药材——“安苓”的“逆境”区。结果显示,“安苓” 主要分布在大别山山区,适宜区面积达36.8 km2,岳西、舒城、金寨、潜山4县占“安苓”总适宜区面积的93.55%,又尤以岳西、舒城、金寨3个县为主,占安徽茯苓适宜区总面积的80.82%,其中岳西县适宜区面积最大,占到了总适宜区的1/3以上。其与已有的调查估算结果具有高度的一致性,验证精度达91.67%,证实了利用3S技术结合药材关键非生物生态因子和寄生宿主信息提取寄生种中药材的可行性。

[关键词] 安苓; 茯苓; 3S技术; 逆境; 道地生境; 道地药材

[Abstract] "Adversity" is one primary element that impacts the pharmacology components of authentic Chinese herbal medicine. Knowledge about "adversity" is a precondition of yield estimation, quality monitoring, location selection and the geo-herbalism protection. Used 3S(GIS, RS and GPS) technology to combine multi-source key ecological factors of "Anling", and used parasitic relationships between organisms to extracting its suitable region for the first time. Results showed that the "Anling" were mainly distributed in Dabie coteau. Suitable area amount to 36.8 km2, Yuexi, Shucheng, Jinzhai and Qianshan which account for about 93.55% of whole congenial region. The first three accounts for about 80.82%. It was Yuexi that account for 1/3 above especially. Field investigation verify accuracy of extraction about 91.67%, which has confirmed it is feasible that using the relationship between parasitic host and parasitic to extract native environment of parasitic traditional medicine based on 3S technology.

[Key words] Anling; Poria cocos; "3S" technologies; adversity; Dao-di habitat; geo-authentic crude drug

2015年12月国务院发布的《中国的中医药》白皮书中指出中医药的传承与发展就要“促进中药产业的快速发展”,要通过出台法律法规、建立自然保护区、人工培育和野生抚育等多种手段确保中药材的道地性,扭转道地药材异地无序种植的现状。中药材具有显著的地域性,空间特征和地理环境对中药材的品质形成起着决定作用,即药用动植物的“逆境效应”[1-2]。对药用植物的“逆境”提取是中药材调查的一个重要方面,是中药材合理利用和保护的首要问题,也是药用植物物种多样性和生态环境可持续发展研究的一个重要方向[3-4]。……

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