方艺媛+翁殊斐+冯志坚+冼丽铧

摘 要 通过对广州市6个城市公园的人工湖植物造景的调查，分析公园人工湖中不同驳岸形式的造景特点、植物造景的应用形式，归纳总结应用的园林植物种类。结果表明：广州市公园中人工湖的驳岸形式以规则式驳岸为主，以自然式驳岸为辅，二者的植物造景有差异；人工湖的植物造景应用形式有湖心岛植物造景、植物与建筑小品组合造景、植物与园桥组合造景等。经调研统计，广州市公园人工湖滨水植物共有56科97属117种，其中以棕榈科（Palmae）、桃金娘科（Myrtaceae）、桑科（Moraceae）、夹竹桃科（Apocynaceae）为主，分别达12种10属、8种4属、8种2属、5种5属；水生植物共有7科9属9种，其中以挺水植物为主，占6种，粉美人蕉（Canna glauca）、再力花（Thalia dealbata）、梭魚草（Pontederia cordata）的出现频率最多。

关键词 广州市 ；公园 ；人工湖 ；植物造景

中图分类号 TU986.5 文献标识码 A Doi：10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2017.06.019

Analysis of plant landscaping for artificial lakes in Guangzhou parks

FANG Yiyuan WENG Shufei FENG Zhijian XIAN Lihua

（College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture， South China Agricultural University，

Guangzhou， Guangdong 510642）

Abstract An investigation was made of the plant landscapes of artificial lakes in six urban parks in Guangzhou to analyze the characteristics and application forms of plant landscape and plant species. The results showed that the revetments in the parks were mainly of regular style and partially of natural style. These two styles of revetments were different in plant landscaping. The types of plant landscaping in the artificial lake included plant landscaping in the mid-lake island， the combined landscaping of plants and architecture， and the combined landscaping of plants and bridges. There were 117 species of waterfront plants， belonging to 56 families and 97 genera of plants in the artificial lakes in Guangzhou. The dominant families of plants included Palmae， Myrtaceae， Moraceae and Apocynaceae with 10 genera and 12 species， 4 genera and 8 species， 2 genera and 8 species， and 5 genera and 5 species， respectively. Aquatic plants contained 7 families. 9 genera and 9 species， and emergent plants had 6 species， dominant in the aquatic plants. Of the aquatic plants Canna glauca， Thalia dealbata， Pontederia cordata were most common.

Keywords Guangzhou ； parks ； artificial lake ； plant landscape

水是构成景观的重要因素。古人称水为园林中的“血液”和“灵魂”[1]。在近现代的城市公园中，大型的水面多以人工湖的形式存在，并且往往是公园的中心和主体。随着城市居民闲暇时间的增加，滨水活动日益频繁，水系空间的景观功能、亲水功能也日益加强[2]。

城市公园水体的存在形式多种多样，如：溪流、泉池、湖泊、湿地等等。近年来，国内学者对城市公园滨水植物景观的研究日益广泛，主要侧重于滨水景观的生态理念[3-6]、文化塑造[7-8]以及景观评价[9-12]等方面，对广州公园滨水植物景观[13-16]亦有一定的研究基础。然而专门针对城市公园人工湖而展开植物造景方面的研究则不多见。……