海南三亚豇豆枯萎病病原菌鉴定及室内药剂筛选
2017-07-12李秋洁符启位王爽黄国宋刘勇叶其
李秋洁+符启位+王爽+黄国宋+刘勇+叶其宏+吴乾兴+孔祥义



摘 要 通过形态学观察、致病性测定和 ITS 序列分析对海南三亚地区采集的豇豆枯萎病病原菌进行鉴定,将豇豆枯萎病病原鉴定为尖孢镰刀菌(Fusarium oxysporum)。进行10种常用药剂对病原菌的毒力测定试验,结果表明:乙蒜素、甲基硫菌灵、代森锰锌3种药剂对豇豆枯萎病具有较好抑制作用,其EC50值分别为47.42、33.58、74.26 μg/mL;EC90值分别为196.69、325.26和581.06 μg/mL;a值分别为2.074 4、1.299 6和1.434 4,表明豇豆枯萎病病原菌对该3种药剂较为敏感。
关键词 豇豆 ;枯萎病 ;病原鉴定 ;药剂筛选
中图分类号 S643.4;S436.43 文献标识码 A Doi:10.12008/j.issn.1009-2196.2017.06.009
Pathogenic Identification and Indoor Screening of Cowpea Fusarium
Wilt in Sanya, Hainan Province
LI Qiujie FU Qiwei WANG Shuang HUANG Guosong
LIU Yong YE Qihong WU Qianxing KING Xiangyi
(Sanya Science and Technology Academy for Crop Winter Multiplication, Sanya, Hainan 572000)
Abstract Isolatesstrains of cowpea fusarium wilt collected from cowpea in Sanya were identified by using the morphological description, pathogenicity testing in vivo and ITS sequence analysis. These isolates were identified to be Fusarium oxysporum. The toxicity of 10 fungicides against the isolateswas tested. The results showed that ethylicin, thiophanate methyl and mancozeb had better inhibiting effect on fusarium wilt with their EC50 values being 47.42, 33.58, 74.26 μg/mL, respectively, and their EC90 values being 196.69, 325.26, 581.06 μg/mL, respectively, as well as their a values being 2.074 4, 1.299 6 and 1.434 4, respectively. This indicated that the isolates were sensitive to these three fungicides.
Keywords cowpea ; Fusarium wilt ; pathogenic identification ; screening of fungicides
豇豆营养丰富,口感好,是大众餐桌上常见的蔬菜品种。其种植范围广泛,在中国湖北、福建、广西、海南等地均有大面积种植,尤其在海南三亚地区,豇豆种植面积已达5 340 hm2,出岛产量达 15 万t[1],成为该地冬种北运的主角,对该地的农业经济发展起到积极的促进作用。但随着三亚豇豆产业的发展,病虫害成为阻碍豇豆产业发展的重要因素,尤其是豇豆枯萎病,严重影响了豇豆的产量与品质。近年来,由于多年连作,土壤条件恶化,三亚市豇豆枯萎病大面积流行,造成豇豆大量减产。
枯萎病是一种毁灭性土传病害,植株一旦发病,往往造成整株枯萎死亡。目前,已有多个研究报道香蕉、大豆、黄瓜、甜瓜、西瓜、甘蓝等多种经济作物均可发生枯萎病,枯萎病的病原主要为尖孢镰刀菌,不同作物的枯萎病病原专化型不同,且同种作物下病原菌存在小种分化现象[2]。2012年,吴仁锋对武汉市豇豆枯萎病分离后鉴定为尖孢镰刀菌[3]。……
