祁连山地区日照时数气候变化特征
2017-07-10李全平高君元朱宝文
李全平 高君元 朱宝文
摘要 利用祁连山中部腹地门源、祁连、托勒、野牛沟4站1961—2013年逐月日照时数,采用线性倾向估计、滑动平均、Mann-Kendall检验等方法,分析近53年祁连山地区日照时数变化特征及影响因子。结果表明,53年来祁连山地区年日照时数呈减少趋势,减少幅度为14.35 h/10 a,最高值与最低值的差值为316.8 h。20世纪70年代末—90年代初期为日照时数偏多的年份, 21世纪以来年日照时数偏少。5月份年内日照时间最长,2月份年内日照时间最短。光照时间的长短受海拔、纬度及太阳高度角的影响最大。连阴雨天气对日照时数影响最为明显。
关键词 日照时数;变化特征;祁连山地区
中图分类号 S161.2 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611(2017)01-0178-03
Climate Change Characteristics of Sunshine Hours in Qilian Mountains Area
LI Quanping1, GAO Junyuan1, ZHU Baowen2
(1. Haiyan County Meteorological Bureau, Haiyan, Qinghai 812200;2. Xining Meteorological Station, Xining, Qinghai 810003)
Abstract By using monthly sunshine hours of Menyuan, Qilian, Tuole, Yeniugou in central hinterland of Qianlian Mountains area during 1961-2013, adopting methods of linear tendency estimation, moving average, MannKendall test, the variation features of sunshine hours and influential factors were analyzed. The sunshine hours of 53 years in Qilian Mountains area showed a decreasing trend with an amplitude of 14.35 h/10 a, the difference between the highest and lowest value was 316.8 h. From the end of 1970s to the early 1990s, sunshine hours in Qilian Mountains area was more than that of 21st Century. May was the longest month in sunshine hours during the year while Feb. was the shortest. The duration of illumination is influenced significantly by altitude, latitude and solar altitude. The effect of continuous rainy weather on sunshine hours is the most obvious.
Key words Sunshine hours;Variation features;Qilian Mountains area
日照及太陽能是自然界获取能源的最主要方式,是影响气候变化的一个重要因素,对各地天气和气候的形成具有决定性作用。近年来,随着气候的变暖、城市的发展和人为污染物排放的加剧,各地日照时间的长短发生了巨大的变化。国内外学者分别从日照时数减少因子[1-3]、日照时数变化特征[4-7]、太阳能资源空间分布[8-12]、太阳能资源评估[13-16]等方面对各地的日照及太阳能资源的变化情况进行了分析,结果发现,太阳能的高值中心和低值中心均处于22°~35°N,青藏高原是高值中心,四川盆地是低值中心,太阳年辐射总量西部地区高于东部地区;日照时数的区域性下降不是气溶胶的间接效应引起的,很可能是地形和盛行风向的共同作用所致,与14:00总云量增多以及雾、轻雾日数增多有关。……
