郝文杰　黎刚刚　周亚琼　杨俊兰　姚健　张继

摘要 [目的]优化野山杏仁油提取工艺并对其成分进行分析。[方法]利用有机溶剂乙醇作为破乳剂辅助水酶法提取野山杏仁油，在单因素试验的基础上选择总酶添加量、乙醇浓度、料液比、酶解时间为主要因素，野山杏仁油的提油率为响应值，通过响应面法优化提取条件。[结果]野山杏仁油最佳提取条件：总酶的添加量为2.00%，乙醇浓度为20.00%，时间为130 min，料液比（g/mL）为1 ∶7，野山杏仁油的提取率为49.86%；并分析了提取的油脂成分，不饱和脂肪酸高达90%以上，其中油酸、亚油酸含量分别为65.68%、24.78%。[结论]乙醇在提取过程中起到了很好的破乳作用，提高了油脂提取率，并且乙醇可回收，解决了水污染问题，可为油脂提取提供参考。

关键词 野山杏；乙醇；水酶法；破乳剂；破乳作用

中图分类号 S789.5 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0517-6611（2017）01-0108-04

Optimization of Enzymatic Extraction of Almond Oil by BoxBehnken Method and Analysis of Fatty Acids

HAO Wenjie， LI Ganggang， ZHOU Yaqiong， ZHANG Ji* et al

（College of Life Science， Northwest Normal University， Lanzhou， Gansu 730070）

Abstract [Objective] To optimize extraction condition of wild almond oil and analyze its components. [Method] By using aqueous ethanol as demulsifier， on the basis of the single factor experiment， the total amount of enzyme， the concentration of ethanol， the ratio of material to liquid and the time of enzymolysis were selected as the factors. The extraction rate of wild almond oil was the response value， and the extraction condition was optimized by response surface method. [Result] The best extraction condition of the wild almond oil was as follows： total enzyme was 2.00%， ethanol concentration was 20.00%， time was 130 min， the ratio of material to liquid（g/mL） was 1 ∶7， the extraction rate of the wild almond oil was 49.86%；The contents of oleic acid and linoleic acid were 65.68% and 24.78%， respectively， and the content of unsaturated fatty acid was more than 90%. [Conclusion] Ethanol played a good demulsification in the extraction process and improved the extraction rate of oil. And ethanol could be recovered to solve the problem of water pollution， which can provide reference for oil extraction.

Key words Wild apricot；Ethanol；Water enzymatic method；Demulsifier；Demulsification effect

苦杏仁是蔷薇科杏属植物山杏成熟果实带苦味的种子或种仁，在我国主要产于辽宁、内蒙古、北京、河北、山西、陕西、新疆等北方干旱和半干旱地区，资源十分丰富[1-2]。在植物油的提取过程时，形成乳状液造成乳化现象的原因是由于油料中蛋白质存在，使提油率降低。水酶法是一种新兴的油脂提取工艺，具有无溶剂残留、油的提取率高、能耗低等优点[3-4]。一般提取温度在70 ℃以下，可以得到高品质的油脂和蛋白，但是会形成不同程度的乳状液。为了提高油脂提取率，目前已有的破乳方法有離心破乳、加热破乳、冷冻解冻破乳、微波辅助破乳、超声辅助破乳等[5-8]。……