基于Stackelberg博弈的客户订单分离点定位研究
2017-07-07侯秋霞王炬香
侯秋霞++王炬香
摘 要:为解决供应链实施大规模定制时的客户订单分离点定位问题,建立了一个由通用化模块供应商和制造商组成的大规模定制供应链模型,以供应链成员的利润最大化为目标,考虑了价格和响应时间对产品需求量的影响,并用排队论的理论对模型进行扩展,确定了供应链成员在进行Stackelberg博弈时的最优定价,然后利用MATLAB仿真确定了最优的客户订单分离点,最后对定制产品种类、产成品延迟惩罚成本、需求价格弹性系数等因素对最优CODP定位的影响进行了敏感性分析,为大规模定制供应链实施完全延迟策略提供了合理化的建议。
关键词:客户订单分离点;Stackelberg博弈;排队论;大规模定制
中图分类号:F273.7 文献标识码:A
Abstract: To solve the problem of customer order decoupling point positioning when mass customization implemented by supply chain, a mass customization supply chain model composed of a generic module supplier and a manufacturer was constructed in the paper. To achieve objective of maximizing profit for supply chain members, the model considered the effect of price and response time on products demand. Through extending the model with queuing theory, supply chain members decided the optimal price based on stackelberg game, and confirmed the optimal position of customer order decoupling point through MATLAB numerical simulation. Finally, we analyzed the effect of the varieties of customized products, delayed penalty costs for finished products and price elasticity of demand on the optimal position of customer order decoupling point, and provided rational suggestion for mass customization supply chain implementing fully postponement strategy.
Key words: customer order decoupling point; stackelberg game; queuing theory; mass customization
0 引 言
隨着科技的发展,社会的进步,人们生活水平的提高,产品生命周期逐渐缩短,对产品的个性化需求也越来越强烈。在现代互联网、大数据、云计算、机械化、自动化的高新技术和设备的帮助下,大规模定制延迟生产成为企业越来越欢迎的生产方式,而客户订单分离点(Customer Order Decoupling Point, CODP)定位问题也成为关键,成为众多学者研究的热点问题。CODP是产品按库存生产(MTS)和按订单生产(MTO)的分离点,选择合适的CODP既可以利用规模经济并缩短交货期,又可以满足客户的个性化需求,因此CODP的定位至关重要。历史上学者们主要站在两个角度对CODP定位问题进行模型研究,第一个为工序角度,确定最优CODP所在工序k, Lee and Tang(1997)[1]首次针对制造延迟,以总成本最低为目标,建立了一个CODP定位的定量模型;……
