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基于需求外部性和顾客行为偏好的特价产品订货策略研究

2017-07-07李淑梅

物流科技 2017年6期

李淑梅

摘 要:基于特价商品、相关商品、替代品需求的内在联系,构造三种商品的需求函数,根据特价商品缺货时顾客心理和行为习惯,将顾客分为价格偏好和时间偏好群体,建立需求外部性下顾客等待的易变质特价商品EOQ模型,通过数值仿真研究特价商品的最优定价和订货策略。研究结果表明:当价格偏好者人数偏多时,零售商应降低特价商品价格,降低服务水平,采取饥饿营销策略;当顾客时间和价格敏感因子增大时,应提高特价商品销售价格和服务水平,延长订货周期。

关键词:需求外部性;特价商品;替代品;短缺量滞后供给;EOQ

中图分类号:F253.2 文献标识码:A

Abstract: As the demand of off-price merchandise has internal relations with its substitute and other merchandise, the demand functions of three kinds of goods are respectively constructed. And then, consumer waiting behavior is analyzed when off-price merchandise is stockout. Consumers are divided into two group, price preference group and time preference group. EOQ model of off-price merchandise with demand externalities is generated. The retailer's optimal pricing and ordering strategy is studied through optimal solution analysis and numerical simulation. It showed when price preference group is big, retailers should make price of off-price merchandise lower, lower standards of service, and take the hunger marketing. When customer's time and price sensitive factor becomes bigger, retailers should raise off-price merchandise's price and standards of service, and extend order cycle.

Key words: demand externalities; off-price merchandise; substitute; partial backlogging; economic order quantity

随着“互联网+”的发展,零售业市场竞争进入白热化,价格促销成为线上电商平台和线下实体零售商最常用的竞争手段。2016年“双十一”促销活动中,淘宝天猫当天的成交额高达1 207亿元,比2015年同期增长32%;京东“双十一”下单量超过3 200万单,同比增长130%,交易额同比增长59%。由此可见,以降价为核心的特价促销对于刺激顾客需求,拉动客流量和销售收入增长十分有效。这类特价商品一般有以下两个特性。一是特价商品兼具需求正外部性和负外部性。二是特价商品缺货时,价格和时间是影响顾客等待意愿的主要因素。基于此,本文考虑特价商品需求具有正、负外部性特征,将特价商品价格作为决策变量,通过建立数学模型、数值仿真,分析特价商品定价、三种商品订货以及平均总利润的变化规律,研究销售商的订货和定价机制,为零售商科学地制定特价商品及其相关的订货、定价策略提供理论参考。……

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