尹继友

定语从句是英语学习的难点之一。本文试图对同学们学习该从句时常犯的错误作一归类，并略加分析，以期对同学们复习有所裨益。

[成分重复类]

The factory where we worked there last year was built in 1968. （F）

The factory where we worked last year was built in 1968. （T）

分析 别忘记定语从句的关系词在从句中必定充当某一成分。错误句子中的关系副词where在从句中作状语，意为“在那个工厂”，再用there作状语就重复了，必须删去。

又例如：Who is the man （that） you talked to him just now？应改为Who is the man that you talked to just now？that在从句中作宾语，指代“那个人（the man）”，him是多余的。

[关系词用错类]

This is the right bookstore where we are looking for. （F）

This is the right bookstore which we are looking for. （T）

分析 要弄清关系词在从句中充当的成分。错误句子中的关系词应指代bookstore， 在从句中作look for的宾语，而where在从句中只能作状语，因而是错误的。故关系副词where应改为关系代词which。

又例如：This is the boy whom was praised by Mr. Jack yesterday.应改为This is the boy who was praised by Mr. Jack yesterday. （关系代词在从句作主语，应把whom改为who。）

[主谓矛盾类]

Can you show me the book which have been translated into English by Xiao Hong？ （F）

Can you show me the book which has been translated into English by Xiao Hong ？ （T）

分析 在定语从句中，当关系词为主语时，从句的谓语动词必须与先行词相一致，而不是与主句的主语相一致。所以这里应将have been translated改为has been translated。

[缺关系代词类]

The man is giving a report in our school is a scientist. （F）

The man who is giving a report in our school is a scientist. （T）

分析 犯这类错误有两个原因：一是受汉语思维的影响，把英语和汉语结构等同起来；二是没有弄清关系词在定语从句中作主语时不能省略这一规则。这里应把作主语的关系代词who补上。

[漏掉介词类]

The woman whom I went to the concert is a singer. （F）

The woman with whom I went to the concert is a singer. （T）

分析 该句的汉语意思是：和我一起去音乐会的那位女士是一名歌手。根据句意，定语从句中的关系代词whom应作介词with的宾语。如果漏掉介词with，则关系代词whom就无处可放，也无法解释了。这是同学们常犯的错误，必须得到高度重视。

又例如：The man whom I talked to you lives upstairs.应改为The man whom I talked to you about lives upstairs. （whom作talk about的賓语， 故about不能漏掉。

[词语错位类]

The room in that she lives is a large one. （F）

The room that she lives in is a large one. （T）

分析 在定语从句中，介词不能置于关系代词that之前。……