中医证候量表研制中的关键问题及其思考
2017-06-10赵晖王筠李淳梁媛李志更
赵晖+王筠+李淳+梁媛+李志更
摘要:本文针对目前中医证候量表研制过程中存在的关键问题如概念界定、理论框架构建、条目量化分级及统计学方法运用等,提出在明确证候诊断、证候评价、疾病诊断三者之间区别的基础上,基于中医辨证思维和数理验证2个层面构建理论框架,以信效度为考核指标建立科学合理的条目量化分级方法,从非线性智能数理统计、症状指标群的分析2个角度挖掘量表数据等思路和方法,旨在改进和完善证候量表研制的方法学,提高证候量表的编制和应用水平。
关键词:证候量表;证候诊断;证候评价;疾病诊断;理论框架;统计学方法
DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1005-5304.2017.06.002
中图分类号:R2-05 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1005-5304(2017)06-0006-04
Abstract: Targeting the key questions in the scale development process of TCM syndrome, such as the definition of the concept, the construction of the theoretical framework, the quantitative classification of the items, the rational use of the statistical methods and so on, this article put forward that on the basis of carefully distinguishing the three concepts of syndrome diagnosis, syndrome evaluation and disease diagnosis, and based on TCM dialectical thinking and mathematical validation to build theoretical framework. A scientific and reasonable quantitative classification method was established based on the reliability and validity as indexes. Non-linear intelligent mathematical statistics and symptomatic index groups were used to analyze the ideas and methods of data mining, with a purpose to improve and perfect the methodology of the development of syndromes scale and to improve the establishment and application of the syndrome scale.
Key words: syndrome scale; syndrome diagnosis; syndrome evaluation; disease diagnosis; theoretical framework; statistical methods
量表作為一种测量工具,主要作用和目的在于通过多个问题,精确测量一个较抽象或综合性较强的概念,具有客观、量化等特点。“证候”作为中医学的一个特有概念,是通过中医四诊信息的概括归纳,而对机体当前状态本质所作的结论,具有抽象性、主观性特点,其对临床四诊信息的全面收集、综合分析的过程恰恰契合了量表的概念和内涵。因此,将量表引入证候学研究,借鉴量表的研究思路、原则与技巧,
构建中医证候量表学研究的方法学体系,实现病证的量化诊断和评价,成为当前证候规范化、标准化研究的热点,其研究成果表现为研制出一系列具有中医特色的证候量表,如慢性丙型肝炎中医证候量表[1]、妇女围绝经期综合征中医证候量表[2]、类风湿关节炎中医证候量表[3]、充血性心力衰竭中医证候量表[4]等,一定程度上实现了计量诊断,促进了证候的规范化和标准化。……
