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异质板材连接成形技术的研究现状

2017-06-10石文勇马岩李哲

哈尔滨理工大学学报 2017年2期

石文勇+马岩+李哲

摘要:异质板材连接是装备制造及交通运输等多个领域实现轻量化的有效途径之一,但因材质属性方面存在明显差异,使用传统连接方法时存在着一定的技术瓶颈。对TIG焊、激光焊等为代表的焊接方法和机械连接方法的工艺特点及研究现状进行了详细评述,重点介绍了各工艺在异质板材连接领域所起的优势作用及发展潜力,并结合行业发展及使用需求对异质板材连接工艺的发展进行了展望,进而为异质板材连接新工艺的研究及开发提供技术参考。

关键词:异质板材;TIG焊;激光焊;机械连接;轻量化

DOI:1015938/jjhust201702005

中图分类号: TG306文献标志码: A文章编号: 1007-2683(2017)02-0023-06Research Status on the Heterogeneous Sheet

Abstract:The heterogeneous sheet connection forming is one of the effective ways to realize lightweight in many fields, such as equipment manufacturing and transportation However, there are obvious differences in the material properties, when using the traditional connection methods, there is a certain technical bottlenecks In this paper, the technological characteristics and research status of the welding method and mechanical connection method are discussed in detail, such as the TIG welding and the laser welding The advantages and development potential of the technology are introduced in the field of the heterogeneous sheet connection, in combination with the industry development and the use demand, the development of the heterogeneous sheet connection technology is expected, to provide the technical support for the research and development of new heterogeneous sheet connection technology

Keywords:heterogeneous sheet; TIG welding; laser welding; mechanical joints; lightweight

0引言

輕量化是航空航天及汽车等领域实现节能减排的有效手段之一,因此,大量轻质结构材料如铝镁合金和复合材料等被广泛采用[1-2]。但这些材料与钢或彼此之间的连接较难实现,特别是对于传统的连接工艺而言,存在着质量难以保证或技术难以逾越等问题。各种新型焊接、机械连接等方法的出现为解决这些瓶颈提供了有效途径[3-5]。

1焊接方法的研究及应用现状

11TIG焊

TIG焊(Tungsten Inert Gas Welding)又称为非熔化极惰性气体钨极保护焊,是一种低熔化率的高质量焊接技术[6],工作原理是电弧在钨电极和工件之间燃烧,电极并不熔化,只作为电流导体和电弧载体。许多专家学者对TIG焊接板材进行了研究。赵志毅等[7]为改善TIG焊焊接工艺,对GH909板材进行TIG后对焊缝进行了热处理,焊缝形成有针片状 ε/ε″ 相、γ /Laves 低熔点共晶相且都在 γ晶间分布;……

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